The SuperCam Instrument Suite on the Mars 2020 Rover: Science Objectives and Mast-Unit Description

Maurice, S.; Wiens, R. C.; Bernardi, Pernelle; Caïs, Ph.; Robinson, S.; Nelson, Tony; Gasnault, O.; Réess, Jean-Michel; Deleuze, M.; Rull, Fernando; Manrique, José Antonio; Abbaki, Sadok; Anderson, R. B.; André, Y.; Angel, S. Michael; Arana, Gorka; Battault, T.; Beck, Pierre; Benzerara, Karim; Bernard, Sylvain; Berthias, J. P.; Beyssac, Olivier; Bonafous, Marion; Bousquet, Bruno; Boutillier, M.; Cadu, A.; Castro, Kepa; Chapron, F.; Chide, Baptiste; Clark, Kenneth P.; Clavé, Elise; Clegg, S. M.; Cloutis, E. A.; Collin, C.; Cordoba, Elizabeth; Cousin, A.; Dameury, J.-C.; d'Anna, W.; Daydou, Y.; Debus, A.; DeFlores, L.; Dehouck, E.; Delapp, D.; Santos, Gladys de los; Donny, Christophe; Doressoundiram, A.; Dromart, G.; Dubois, B.; Dufour, Arnaud; Dupieux, M.; Egan, Miles J.; Ervin, Joan; Fabre, C.; Fau, A.; Fischer, Woodward W.; Forni, O.; Fouchet, Thierry; Frydenvang, J.; Gauffre, S.; Gauthier, Michel; Gharakanian, V.; Gilard, O.; Gontijo, I.; González, Rafael Navarro; Granena, David; Grotzinger, J. P.; Hassen-Khodja, Rafik; Heim, Marina; Hello, Y.; Hervet, Gilles; Humeau, Olivier; Jacob, Xavier; Jacquinod, S.; Johnson, J. R.; Kouach, Driss; Lacombe, Gaétan; Lanza, N.; Lapauw, Laurent; Laserna, Javier; Lasue, J.; Deit, L. Le; Mouëlic, Stéphane Le; Comte, Éric; Lee, Q.-M.; Legett, Carey; Leveille, R.; Lewin, É.; Leyrat, C.; López‐Reyes, Guillermo; Lorenz, Ralph D.; Lucero, Briana; Madariaga, Juan Manuel; Madsen, S.N.; Madsen, M. B.; Mangold, N.; Manni, Florent; Mariscal, Jean-François; Martínez‐Frías, Jesús; Mathieu, Karine; Mathon, Romain; McCabe, Kevin; McConnochie, T. H.; McLennan, S. M.; Mekki, Julien; Melikechi, Noureddine; Meslin, Pierre‐Yves; Micheau, Yoan; Michel, Yann; Michel, John; Mimoun, David; Misra, A. K.; Montagnac, Gilles; Montaron, Christophe; Montmessin, Franck; Moros, Javier; Mousset, Valérie; Morizet, Yann; Murdoch, Naomi; Newell, Raymond; Newsom, H. E.; Tuong, Napoléon Nguyen; Ollila, A.; Orttner, G.; Oudda, L.; Parès, L.; Parisot, J.; Parot, Yann; Perez, René; Pheav, D.; Picot, Laurent; Pilleri, P.; Pilorget, C.; Pinet, P.; Pont, G.; Poulet, F.; Quantin‐Nataf, Cathy; Quertier, Benjamin; Rambaud, D.; Rapin, W.; Romano, P.; Roucayrol, Lionel; Royer, Clément; Ruellan, Marie; Sandoval, Benigno; Sautter, V.; Schoppers, Marcel; Schröder, Susanne; Séran, H. C.; Sharma, Shiv K.; Sobrón, P.; Sodki, M.; Sournac, A.; Sridhar, V.; Standarovsky, D.; Storms, S.; Striebig, Nicolas; Tatat, M.; Toplis, Michael J.; Torre‐Fdez, I.; Toulemont, N.; Velasco, C.; Veneranda, Marco; Venhaus, D.; Virmontois, Cédric; Viso, Michel; Willis, Peter; Wong, King Wah

doi:10.1007/s11214-021-00807-w

Cited by 177 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Detection and selection of such a signal during laser remote sensing of paleoarcheologic places of interest will indicate the areas which should be extensively searched in order to reveal the traces of ancient vegetation (and civilization). Of particular interest is that the same technique can be utilized for life markers detection during extraterrestrial missions on Mars, Venus or Jupiter's moon Europe [33][34][35][36]. It should be noted that fluorescence spectra features transform with time as the organic pigment molecules undergo decomposition.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote Laser Induced Fluorescence of Soils and Rocks

Lednev¹,

Бункин²,

Першин³

et al. 2021

Photonics

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The laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy was systematically utilized for remote sensing of different soils and rocks for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. Laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy measurements were carried out by the developed nanosecond LIDAR instrument with variable excitation wavelength (355, 532 and 1064 nm). LIDAR sensing of different Brazil soil samples have been carried out in order to construct a spectral database. The laser induced fluorescence spectra interpretation for different samples has been discussed in detail. The perspectives of LIDAR sensing of organic samples deposited at soils and rock have been discussed including future space exploration missions in the search for extraterrestrial life.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote Laser Induced Fluorescence of Soils and Rocks

Lednev¹,

Бункин²,

Першин³

et al. 2021

Photonics

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“…Adding color information to the DOM would be an important improvement that would help better characterization and understanding of the recreated structures. Finally, considering the similarity between ChemCam's RMI and the enhanced SuperCam's RMI aboard the newly arrived on Mars Perseverance rover [35][36][37], we could foresee a similar use to compute long-distance DOM of structures observed from the floor of the Jezero crater. Raw RMI images can be accessed on the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's raw images archive at: https://mars.nasa.gov/msl/multimedia/raw-images/).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Distance 3D Reconstructions Using Photogrammetry with Curiosity’s ChemCam Remote Micro-Imager in Gale Crater (Mars)

et al. 2021

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The Mars Science Laboratory rover Curiosity landed in Gale crater (Mars) in August 2012. It has since been studying the lower part of the 5 km-high sedimentary pile that composes Gale’s central mound, Aeolis Mons. To assess the sedimentary record, the MSL team mainly uses a suite of imagers onboard the rover, providing various pixel sizes and fields of view from close to long-range observations. For this latter, we notably use the Remote Micro Imager (RMI), a subsystem of the ChemCam instrument that acts as 700 mm-focal length telescope, providing the smallest angular pixel size of the set of cameras on the Remote Sensing Mast. The RMI allows observations of remote outcrops up to a few kilometers away from the rover. As retrieving 3D information is critical to characterize the structures of the sedimentary deposits, we describe in this work an experiment aiming at computing for the first time with RMI Digital Outcrop Models of these distant outcrops. We show that Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry can successfully be applied to suitable sets of individual RMI frames to reconstruct the 3D shape and relief of these distant outcrops. These results show that a dedicated set of observations can be envisaged to characterize the most interesting geological features surrounding the rover.

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“…Recently, two rovers safely arrived on the surface of Mars, which are equipped with LIBS instruments. These are the Zhurong rover from the Chinese Tianwen-1 mission (Mallapaty, 2021) and the Perseverance rover from NASA's Mars 2020 mission whose payload includes the SuperCam instrument (Maurice et al, 2021;Wiens et al, 2021). The latter is the successor of ChemCam and already returned LIBS data from the Jezero crater (Anderson et al, 2021) at the time of writing this manuscript.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clustering Supported Classification of ChemCam Data From Gale Crater, Mars

Rammelkamp

Gasnault

Forni

et al. 2021

Earth and Space Science

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The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover Curiosity landed successfully in Gale crater on Mars on August 6, 2012. One of the primary mission goals of MSL is to determine whether Mars was ever habitable, for which the Gale crater and in particular its central mountain Aeolis Mons (informally known as Mt. Sharp) was chosen as the science target (Grotzinger et al., 2012). From orbit, it was recognized that the lower layered sedimentary strata of Mt. Sharp contains a record of environmental changes including diverse aqueous conditions over time (Milliken et al., 2010). Curiosity landed at the Bradbury site, northwest of Mt. Sharp, near the base of the alluvial fan of Peace Vallis, and explored the rocks of Aeolis Palus during the first Mars year of the mission. On sol 753, Curiosity reached the geologic transition to the Mt. Sharp group and has continued to climb the mound since then. The ancient habitability could be confirmed at Yellowknife Bay, a location in Aeolis Palus, due to several detections of early diagenesis products, which together suggest the existence of an aqueous environment, implying a higher potential for habitable conditions. (Grotzinger et al., 2014(Grotzinger et al., , 2015.Several scientific instruments belong to Curiosity's payload for the characterization of Gale crater's geological evolution and one of them is the "Chemistry and Camera" (ChemCam) instrument (Maurice et al., 2012;Wiens et al., 2012). ChemCam has the capability to perform rapid multi-elemental analyses of rocks and soils from a distance with the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique. Due to its regular use-almost every sol-ChemCam has collected a very large and unique LIBS data set containing more than 800,000 single shot LIBS spectra. Such a data set is well suited for the application of machine learning algorithms in order to identify similar targets and predict classes of new measured targets. From

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The SuperCam Instrument Suite on the Mars 2020 Rover: Science Objectives and Mast-Unit Description

Cited by 177 publications

References 84 publications

Remote Laser Induced Fluorescence of Soils and Rocks

Remote Laser Induced Fluorescence of Soils and Rocks

Long-Distance 3D Reconstructions Using Photogrammetry with Curiosity’s ChemCam Remote Micro-Imager in Gale Crater (Mars)

Clustering Supported Classification of ChemCam Data From Gale Crater, Mars

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