The Supercritical Fluid Antisolvent Synthesis of C60(C2Hx) (x=4 or 6); The Crystal Structures of Two Materials Which Were Thought Unlikely to Exist

O'Neil, Adam; Wilson, Claire; Webster, Jeremy M.; Allison, Francis J.; Howard, Judith A. K.; Poliakoff, Martyn

doi:10.1002/1521-3773(20021018)41:20<3796::aid-anie3796>3.0.co;2-t

Cited by 41 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This has prompted us to consider a different methodology, namely precipitation using supercritical CO 2 (scCO 2 ) as an anti-solvent. The use of scCO 2 as an anti-solvent for the controlled precipitation of materials from conventional solvents has been widely applied to the production of a range of materials, including polymers, pharmaceutical chemicals, explosives, superconductors, and catalysts [2][3][4][5][6]. When a solution is brought into contact with scCO 2 , the solvent power of the conventional solvent is reduced, and the solutes precipitate.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Catalyst Synthesis Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: A Green Route to High Activity Materials

Hutchings

2009

Top Catal

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Catalysts are intrinsically considered to be a key part of green and sustainable technology. However, many catalysts require the use of non-green methodologies during their manufacture. With the increased focus on green issues that is now emerging, it is essential that some attention is focussed on synthesing catalysts using green approaches. However, it is critical that any material prepared using these new green methods has to exhibit key advantages over current technology, such as significantly enhanced performance,

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Catalyst Synthesis Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: A Green Route to High Activity Materials

Hutchings

2009

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“…It is, in fact, well known that supercritical fluids' molecules can enter even tiny gaps, and therefore critical fluids are used for washing and cleaning semiconductors [22,23]. As we mentioned, it is known that nanoparticles or nanostructures, which are composed of C 60 molecules, can be produced by injecting C 60 -dissolved organic solvents into supercritical fluids such as scCO 2 , scC 2 H 4 and scC 2 H 6 , in which case supercritical fluids' molecules are trapped in the crystals [30][31][32]. In the present case, C 60crystals were simply placed in near-critical ethane without dissolving them in any organic solvents in advance.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…By removing the solvent's molecules by, for instance, heating them in a vacuum atmosphere, a structural transition from HCP to face-centred-cubic (FCC) lattices occurs. Nanoparticles or nanostructures, which are composed of C 60 molecules, can be produced by injecting C 60 -dissolved organic solvents into supercritical fluids such as scCO 2 , supercritical ethylene (scC 2 H 4 ) and supercritical ethane (scC 2 H 6 ) [30][31][32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic and Molecular Data and Their Applications: An Overview of the 4th ICAMDATA Program

Janev¹,

Kato²

2005

Phys. Scr.

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Fullerenes are promising candidates for intelligent, functional nanomaterials because of their unique mechanical, electronic and chemical properties. However, it is necessary to invent some efficient but relatively simple methods of producing structures composed of fullerenes for the development of nanomechatronic, nanoelectronic and biochemical devices and sensors. In this paper, we show that various structures such as straight fibres, networks formed by fibres, wide sheets and helical structures, which are composed of C 60 molecules, are created by placing C 60 -crystals in critical ethane, carbon dioxide and xenon even though C 60 molecules do not dissolve or disperse in the above fluids. It is supposed, judging by the intermolecular potentials between C 60 and C 60 , between C 60 and ethane, and between ethane and ethane, that C 60 -clusters grow with the assistance of solvent molecules, which are trapped between C 60 molecules under critical conditions. This room-temperature self-assembly cluster growth process in critical fluids may open up a new methodology of forming structures built up with fullerenes without the need for any ultra-fine processing technologies.

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“…1 The synthesis and processing of novel materials via either supercritical anti-solvent precipitation (SAS), gas anti-solvent precipitation (GAS) or rapid expansion of an anti-solvent solution (RESS) has received considerable attention in recent years and has proven to be a viable process utilised in many areas including chemical synthesis, particle generation, extraction and material processing. [2][3][4][5][6] There has been extensive research into the processes for the synthesis of semiconductors, polymers, pharmaceuticals and explosives, [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] but little attention has been paid to the synthesis of catalytic materials. Previously, we have shown how SAS processing can be successfully applied to the synthesis of vanadium phosphates for the conversion of n-butane to maleic anhydride, [15][16][17] as well as the generation of high surface area supports suitable for oxidation reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of high surface area CuMn2O4 by supercritical anti-solvent precipitation for the oxidation of CO at ambient temperature

Tang

Kondrat

Dickinson

et al. 2011

Catal. Sci. Technol.

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A series of high surface area nanocrystalline copper manganese oxide catalysts have been prepared by supercritical anti-solvent (SAS) precipitation using CO 2 and tested for the ambient temperature oxidation of CO. The catalysts were prepared by precipitation from an ethanol/metal acetate solution and the addition of small quantities of water was found to result in a mixed acetate precursor with surface areas 4200 m 2 g À1 , considerably higher than those prepared by conventional precipitation methods. The surface area of the final calcined mixed oxide was found to be dependent upon the initial water concentration. XRD and FT-IR analysis indicated that the addition of water promoted the formation of carbonate species in the amorphous acetate precursor, with high resolution TEM and STEM showing the material to consist of spherical agglomerations of fibrous strings of ca. 30 nm length. This is in contrast to the material prepared in the absence of water, using the same SAS methodology, which typically yields quasi-spherical particles of 100 nm size.

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The Supercritical Fluid Antisolvent Synthesis of C60(C2Hx) (x=4 or 6); The Crystal Structures of Two Materials Which Were Thought Unlikely to Exist

Cited by 41 publications

References 18 publications

Catalyst Synthesis Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: A Green Route to High Activity Materials

Catalyst Synthesis Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: A Green Route to High Activity Materials

Atomic and Molecular Data and Their Applications: An Overview of the 4th ICAMDATA Program

Synthesis of high surface area CuMn2O4 by supercritical anti-solvent precipitation for the oxidation of CO at ambient temperature

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