The supplementation of nutrient additives in broad bean‐based diet improved the growth of “crisped” grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus

Abstract

To investigate the effects of supplemental nutrient additives in broad bean‐based diets on growth, flesh quality, and collagen gene expression of grass carp, five diets were prepared, including complete formula diet (control), soaked broad bean (SBB), and three broad bean‐based diets containing 80% broad bean without (BBD1) or with the supplementation of methionine (BBD2), and methionine+vitamins+minerals (BBD3), and were fed to grass carp (171.9 ± 1.1 g), Ctenopharyngodon idellus, for 84 days. The results showed that broad bean‐based diets significantly increased weight gain (WG) and reduced the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of grass carp when compared to the SBB (p < .05). The BBD3 group reached levels similar to the WG and FCR of the control group (p > .05). Grass carp fed the BBD3 diet had lower steaming loss of flesh, higher muscle fiber density, and higher collagen content in muscle and skin than the control (p < .05). The relative expressions of COL1A1 and COL1A2 mRNA in muscle and skin were significantly higher in the BBD3 and SBB groups than in other groups (p < .05). In conclusion, the combination of methionine, vitamins, and minerals in broad bean‐based diets promoted the growth of “crisped” grass carp and improved flesh quality and collagen gene expression when compared to the control formula diet.

The flesh texture of teleost fish: Characteristics and interventional strategies

“…The enhancement in fillet firmness is the most noticeable characteristic in response to a long‐term feeding of faba bean. Besides, the accompanying findings potentially related to the changes in texture quality are as follows: faba bean (1) increased fibre density and number while decreasing fibre diameter, indicating the dominance of myocyte hyperplasia 181,198 ; (2) promoted muscle collagen synthesis by upregulating the expression of col1a1 and col1a2 genes mediated by TGF‐β1/Smad4 signalling 199 ; (3) suppressed oxygen transport, mitochondrial respiratory chain, and creatine metabolism in the muscle, indicating subdued energy metabolic activity 200 ; (4) induced endogenous ROS accumulation and muscle regeneration 168 . Besides, studies in grass carp found that most responses to long‐term feeding of faba bean could be almost reproduced by feeding of pro‐oxidants (vitamin K 3 ) and be abolished by feeding of faba bean combining antioxidants (vitamins C and E) 166,168 .…”

“…The enhancement in fillet firmness is the most noticeable characteristic in response to a longterm feeding of faba bean. Besides, the accompanying findings potentially related to the changes in texture quality are as follows: faba bean (1) increased fibre density and number while decreasing fibre diameter, indicating the dominance of myocyte hyperplasia 181,198 168 Besides, studies in grass carp found that most responses to long-term feeding of faba bean could be almost reproduced by feeding of pro-oxidants (vitamin K 3 ) and be abolished by feeding of faba bean combining antioxidants (vitamins C and E). 166,168 This interesting observation has underlined an important but not yet fully explored functional role of ROS during the entire 'crispiness process'.…”

Effects of faba bean ( Vicia faba ) diet on amino acid and fatty acid composition, flesh quality and expression of muscle quality‐related genes in muscle of “crispy” grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella

“…Up to now, the changes in muscle hardness caused by feeding FB not only occur in grass carp, but also in other fish, such as Yellow River carp ( Cyprinus carpio haematopterus ) (Song et al, 2020), Allogynogenetic crucian carp ( Carassius auratus gilello ) (Li et al, 2007) and tilapia ( Oreochromis mossambicus ) (Chen et al, 2014). The amino acid and fatty acid composition were influenced by FB in grass carp (Jiang et al, 2020; Li et al, 2020). Moreover, the FB could markedly enhanced shear force and some texture parameters in muscle in grass carp (Xu et al, 2020).…”