The Surface Chemical Analysis of a Series of Persulfate-Initiated Charge-Stabilized Poly(butyl Methacrylate) Latices Using XPS and Static SIMS

Davies, Martyn C.; Lynn, R. A. P.; Davis, S.S.; Hearn, J.; Watts, J. F.; Vickerman, J. C.; Johnson, D.

doi:10.1006/jcis.1993.1103

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Thus this sulfur signal was expected to act as a unique elemental marker for the PS component. A similar approach had been previously reported by Davies and co-workers . Unfortunately, the XPS survey spectrum of the uncoated PEG−PS latex used in the present work revealed hardly any sulfur signal, so there was no suitable elemental marker for the PS component.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 63%

X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Characterization of Submicrometer-Sized Polypyrrole−Polystyrene Composites

Cairns¹,

Armes²,

Chehimi³

et al. 1999

Langmuir

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The surface compositions of a series of five polystyrene−polypyrrole (PS−PPy) composites and three reference materials (the original poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) stabilizer, the uncoated PEG-stabilized PS latex, and PPy chloride bulk powder) were examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The uncoated PEG-stabilized PS latex particles had a narrow size distribution with a mean diameter of 129 nm. The N1s XPS signal is a unique elemental marker for the PPy component and was therefore used to determine its surface concentration. As the PPy loading on the PS latex particles was increased from 4.2 to 28.1 wt % the relative intensity of the N1s signal increased, as expected. However, surface doping levels calculated from the Cl/N atomic ratios were relatively low, suggesting that some oxidative degradation of the deposited PPy component had occurred. Raman studies also indicated decreased doping levels at low PPy loadings. Close inspection of the C1s envelopes indicated that the composite particles did not have the expected core−shell morphology, since even at the highest PPy loading these XPS spectra were very similar to that of the original PS latex. These observations were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies, which revealed the presence of discrete PPy nanoparticles of 20−30 nm diameter. Finally, it was found that more uniform PPy overlayers could be prepared by modifying the synthesis conditions. Thus, reducing both the total latex surface area and the pyrrole monomer concentration led to PS−PPy particles with a much improved core−shell morphology, as judged by both XPS and SEM.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 63%

X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Characterization of Submicrometer-Sized Polypyrrole−Polystyrene Composites

Cairns¹,

Armes²,

Chehimi³

et al. 1999

Langmuir

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“…For example, Deslandes et al have examined micrometer-sized polystyrene (PS) latexes stabilized with poly( N -vinylpyrrolidone) (PNVP). Similarly, a series of elegant studies on charge-stabilized, surfactant-stabilized, and sterically stabilized latex particles of submicrometer dimensions were reported by Davies and co-workers. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Surface Characterization of Polyaniline-Coated Polystyrene Latexes

et al. 1998

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The surface compositions of seven polyaniline (PAni)-coated polystyrene (PS) latexes have been investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This technique was used to assess the uniformity of the PAni overlayers deposited onto micrometer-sized, poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PNVP)-stabilized PS latex particles under various synthesis conditions. Peak fitting of the N(1s) core-line spectra provided evidence for the presence of both PAni and the PNVP stabilizer at the surface of the PS latex. Nonuniform PAni coatings were obtained using conventional aniline polymerization conditions (aniline monomer, ammonium persulfate, 1.2 M HCl at 25 °C). In contrast, more homogeneous PAni coatings were obtained when polymerizing aniline hydrochloride at 0 °C in water. The relative proportion of PAni at the surface of the PS latex was estimated by comparing the surface nitrogen contents of the coated and uncoated PS latexes to that of a PAni “bulk powder” prepared in the absence of any latex. It was shown that the relatively rapid polymerization at room temperature resulted in nonuniform PAni coatings and reduced PAni surface composition. The maximum PAni coverage was found to be around 57−59%, which is much lower than the surface composition of 94−100% found for polypyrrole (PPy) deposited onto a similar micrometer-sized PS latex (Perruchot et al. Langmuir 1996, 12, 3245). These results indicate that the PAni coatings are much less uniform than the PPy overlayers. Finally, the improved uniformity of the PAni overlayers prepared using aniline hydrochoride in the absence of HCl is consistent with the higher coalescence temperature found for these PAni-coated PS particles in hot-stage optical microscopy studies.

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“…With the initiator, essentially sulfate anions were detected and XPS proved more useful to characterize the backbone. A study on poly(butyl methacrylate) colloids allowed linkage of the mass spectral differences with the initiator concentration used (Davies et al, 1993a). Davies et al (1994) veri®ed the surface enrichment in a series of poly(butyl methacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) (BMA-co-MMA) latexes, prepared by persulfate initiated emulsion polymerization.…”

Section: B Modi®cation Of Biological Colloid Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Static secondary ion mass spectrometry (S-SIMS) Part 2: material science applications

Adriaens

Vaeck

Adams

1999

Mass Spectrom. Rev.

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The Surface Chemical Analysis of a Series of Persulfate-Initiated Charge-Stabilized Poly(butyl Methacrylate) Latices Using XPS and Static SIMS

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Characterization of Submicrometer-Sized Polypyrrole−Polystyrene Composites

X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Characterization of Submicrometer-Sized Polypyrrole−Polystyrene Composites

Surface Characterization of Polyaniline-Coated Polystyrene Latexes

Static secondary ion mass spectrometry (S-SIMS) Part 2: material science applications

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