The surface of the empirical horopter

Schreiber, Kai M.; Hillis, James; Filippini, Heather Rose; Schor, Clifton M.; Banks, Martin S.

doi:10.1167/8.3.7

Cited by 47 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…4B), in accordance with human measurements of the Hering-Hillebrand deviation101213434446. Again, subjects’ fixations are more effective in explaining the Hering-Hillebrand deviation measured in humans (see Table 1).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…This results in a bias towards uncrossed disparities to the left and right of fixation, and it is usually represented by a factor H , which defines the disparity relative to the geometric horopter (see Methods). The horizontal horopter tends to be less concave than the Vieth-Müller circle in the near viewing, flat at the abathic distance (≈1m), and more convex at far distances10122543444546. Considering the vertical retinal meridian, empirical corresponding points are anisotropic, presenting a shift towards uncrossed disparities in the upper hemiretina, and towards crossed disparities in the lower one.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…the perceived visual direction α L and α R , and a factor r describing the magnification in the right eye relative to the left: H = cotan( α L ) − r cotan( α R ). The formula can be elaborated to make it explicit the dependence on the horizontal retinal disparity δ H and refer to the eccentricity of a single eye10, so that:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Active Side of Stereopsis: Fixation Strategy and Adaptation to Natural Environments

Gibaldi

Canessa

Sabatini

2017

Sci Rep

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Depth perception in near viewing strongly relies on the interpretation of binocular retinal disparity to obtain stereopsis. Statistical regularities of retinal disparities have been claimed to greatly impact on the neural mechanisms that underlie binocular vision, both to facilitate perceptual decisions and to reduce computational load. In this paper, we designed a novel and unconventional approach in order to assess the role of fixation strategy in conditioning the statistics of retinal disparity. We integrated accurate realistic three-dimensional models of natural scenes with binocular eye movement recording, to obtain accurate ground-truth statistics of retinal disparity experienced by a subject in near viewing. Our results evidence how the organization of human binocular visual system is finely adapted to the disparity statistics characterizing actual fixations, thus revealing a novel role of the active fixation strategy over the binocular visual functionality. This suggests an ecological explanation for the intrinsic preference of stereopsis for a close central object surrounded by a far background, as an early binocular aspect of the figure-ground segregation process.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Active Side of Stereopsis: Fixation Strategy and Adaptation to Natural Environments

Gibaldi

Canessa

Sabatini

2017

Sci Rep

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“…In vision, it is obvious that the eyes are in the head and that their viewpoints will be affected by the head’s position and orientation. What is perhaps less obvious is that these properties of the eyes’ vehicle contribute to processing such “visual” judgments as the orientation of the ground plane (Schreiber et al, 2008) and, as we will see, perceived distance. Head position influences the three-dimensional position of the eyes by means of static and dynamic three-dimensional vestibulo-ocular reflexes and through eye height.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

How our body influences our perception of the world

et al. 2015

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Incorporating the fact that the senses are embodied is necessary for an organism to interpret sensory information. Before a unified perception of the world can be formed, sensory signals must be processed with reference to body representation. The various attributes of the body such as shape, proportion, posture, and movement can be both derived from the various sensory systems and can affect perception of the world (including the body itself). In this review we examine the relationships between sensory and motor information, body representations, and perceptions of the world and the body. We provide several examples of how the body affects perception (including but not limited to body perception). First we show that body orientation effects visual distance perception and object orientation. Also, visual-auditory crossmodal-correspondences depend on the orientation of the body: audio “high” frequencies correspond to a visual “up” defined by both gravity and body coordinates. Next, we show that perceived locations of touch is affected by the orientation of the head and eyes on the body, suggesting a visual component to coding body locations. Additionally, the reference-frame used for coding touch locations seems to depend on whether gaze is static or moved relative to the body during the tactile task. The perceived attributes of the body such as body size, affect tactile perception even at the level of detection thresholds and two-point discrimination. Next, long-range tactile masking provides clues to the posture of the body in a canonical body schema. Finally, ownership of seen body parts depends on the orientation and perspective of the body part in view. Together, all of these findings demonstrate how sensory and motor information, body representations, and perceptions (of the body and the world) are interdependent.

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“…On the whole, studies agree that the extortion of the vertical meridians is around 1-2 deg (e.g. Siderov et al, 1999;Ledgeway & Rogers, 1999, Schreiber et al, 2008. If we take a value of 2 deg, that…”

Section: Modelling Incorrectly Interpreted Viewing Geometry or Eye Momentioning

confidence: 80%

Perception of Relative Depth Interval: Systematic Biases in Perceived Depth

Harris

Chopin

Zeiner

et al. 2012

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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Given an estimate of the binocular disparity between a pair of points, and an estimate of the viewing distance, or knowledge of eye position, it should be possible to obtain an estimate of their depth separation. Here we show that, when points are arranged in different vertical geometric configurations across two intervals, many observers find this task difficult. Those who can do the task, tend to perceive the depth interval in one configuration as very different from depth in the other configuration. We explore two plausible explanations for this effect.The first is the tilt of the empirical vertical horopter: points perceived along an apparently vertical line correspond to a physical line of points tilted backwards in space. Second, the eyes can rotate in response to a particular stimulus. Without compensation for this rotation, biases in depth perception would result. We measured cyclovergence indirectly, using a standard psychophysical task, while observers viewed our depth configuration. Biases predicted from error due either to cyclovergence, or the tilted vertical horopter, were not consistent with the depth configuration results. Our data suggest that, even for the simplest scenes, we do not have ready access to metric depth from binocular disparity.

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The surface of the empirical horopter

Cited by 47 publications

References 36 publications

The Active Side of Stereopsis: Fixation Strategy and Adaptation to Natural Environments

The Active Side of Stereopsis: Fixation Strategy and Adaptation to Natural Environments

How our body influences our perception of the world

Perception of Relative Depth Interval: Systematic Biases in Perceived Depth

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