The surface structure and morphology of polyacrylonitrile membranes by atomic force microscopy

Fritzsche, A. K.; Arevalo, A.R.; Moore, M. D.; Ohara, Chika

doi:10.1016/0376-7388(93)85035-u

Cited by 43 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The scanning frequency was 0.5 Hz. The surface roughness of the PVA membranes was described by a RMS (root mean squared) roughness, which can be determined by AFM measurements [21,22]. The RMS values were calculated according to where c i is the ith c coordinate of the polymer surface, c ave is the average of all c coordinates of the polymer surface, and N is the number of c coordinates of the polymer surface.…”

Section: Atomic Force Microscopy Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on surface molecular conformations and pervaporation performance of the poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) membrane

Zhang

Wang

2009

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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Section: Atomic Force Microscopy Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on surface molecular conformations and pervaporation performance of the poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) membrane

Zhang

Wang

2009

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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“…They based the reasoning on the assumption that the ethanol would affect only pore diameter, not pore length (membrane thickness) or shape. In a more recent study, Fritzsche et al (1993) report observations of a polyacrylonitrile membrane. A key point of their paper is that small macrovoid defects appear much larger under AFM than under SEM examination.…”

Section: Discussion and Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic force microscopy for ultrafiltration membrane imaging

1997

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Summary: Atomic force microscopy (AFM) can reveal nanometer-scale structure of samples without the sample preparation techniques that involve dehydration. This is particularly important for hydrophilic organic materials. An asymmetric polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane (molecular weight cutoff rated at 10 kg/mol) was imaged by AFM. Sample mounting methods tried include cyanoacrylate, doublesided tape, and paraffin. Wax and tape bonding did not lead to usable images. Cyanoacrylate bonding resulted in images that appear to show 2.8 × 10 9 pores/m 2 approximately 3 nm in diameter, creating a porosity of 2%. This is consistent with estimates of molecular sizes for 10 kg/mol proteins, but not with the results of other AFM studies of similar membranes. The discrepancies can be explained largely by differences in sample preparation techniques.

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“…Also, Kim et al [91], have revealed that FESEM has proven essential tools for membranologist to examining both surface morphology of finely porous membranes and the fouling process in membrane research. Several researchers [26,27,[94][95][96] has combine AFM with SEM together with solute transport data and were determined UF/ MF membrane pore size and pore size distribution. Earlier researchers used AFM to study the UF/MF membrane surface structures [96][97][98][99] and to interpret the mechanisms of fouling in membrane processing [85].…”

Section: Structural Analysis 2221 Afm and Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance and Significance of UF/MF Membrane Systems in Desalination Water Treatment

Ahmed¹,

Balkhair²,

Albeiruttye³

et al. 2017

Desalination

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The proposed chapter addresses a comprehensive overview of the history and future outlook of ultrafiltration/microfiltration (UF/MF) membrane for desalination water pretreatment. Known theories on UF/MF membrane formation from phase inversion (Dr/wet) systems can be prolonged to define the consequences of high or low molecular weight additives. Also, direct material reengineering and surface modification for high-performance antifouling of UF/MF membranes are also highlighted. Before the modern final polymeric film, the characterization techniques, particularly molecular weight cutoff , pore size, pore size distribution, and microbiological activity classification, on to the UF/MF membrane surface were presented, respectively. Lab scale to commercial scale UF/MF membrane configuration and market size of UF/MF membranes for pretreatment desalination are described. The significance of UF/MF provided here as an unconventional approach for desalination water pretreatment is in contrast with the current conventionally used technologies. The recent development made in the integration of established desalination processes, such as spiral wound reverse osmosis (SWRO), multi-stage flash (MSF), multi-effect distillation (MED), electrodialysis (ED) desalination, and UF pretreatment, is addressed. Finally, the influence of UF/MF on desalination water pretreatment step on to the energy cost of desalination process system is discussed.

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The surface structure and morphology of polyacrylonitrile membranes by atomic force microscopy

Cited by 43 publications

References 7 publications

Investigation on surface molecular conformations and pervaporation performance of the poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) membrane

Investigation on surface molecular conformations and pervaporation performance of the poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) membrane

Atomic force microscopy for ultrafiltration membrane imaging

Importance and Significance of UF/MF Membrane Systems in Desalination Water Treatment

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