The surface ultrastructure of the habenular complex of the rat

Cupedo, Rnj

doi:10.1007/bf00341434

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Whereas initial investigations assumed that cellular-derived EVs only contained debris, growing evidence has established that these compartments are enriched with a variety of signaling molecules that play crucial roles in many processes (Robbins and Morelli, 2014;Turturici et al, 2014;Budnik et al, 2016;Krämer-Albers and Hill, 2016). Beginning in the 1950s, electron microscopy studies of the CNS suggested the presence of EVs localized within the extracellular space of the brain, with visualization of small vesicles and multivesicular bodies at the cellular-ventricular interface and notation of cytoplasmic organelles containing RNA granules (Maxwell and Pease, 1956;Cupedo, 1977;Ribas, 1977). However, any known significance of these vesicles was not elucidated until more recently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NeuroEVs: Characterizing Extracellular Vesicles Generated in the Neural Domain

Fowler

2019

J. Neurosci.

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Intercellular communication has recently been shown to occur via transfer of cargo loaded within extracellular vesicles (EVs). Present within all biofluids of the body, EVs can contain various signaling factors, including coding and noncoding RNAs (e.g., mRNA, miRNA, lncRNA, snRNA, tRNA, yRNA), DNA, proteins, and enzymes. Multiple types of cells appear to be capable of releasing EVs, including cancer, stem, epithelial, immune, glial, and neuronal cells. However, the functional impact of these circulating signals among neural networks within the brain has been difficult to establish given the complexity of cellular populations involved in release and uptake, as well as inherent limitations of examining a biofluid. In this brief commentary, we provide an analysis of the conceptual and technical considerations that limit our current understanding of signaling mediated by circulating EVs relative to their impact on neural function.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NeuroEVs: Characterizing Extracellular Vesicles Generated in the Neural Domain

Fowler

2019

J. Neurosci.

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“…The significance of EV signaling within the brain’s framework was initially recorded in the early 1950s through electron microscopy studies [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ]. Since then, researchers have discovered that EVs produced by nerve cells, like astrocytes and microglia, play an important role in immune signaling during synaptic plasticity [ 43 , 44 , 45 ]; in the specialized nature of neural cell interaction [ 46 , 47 ]; and in the diffusion of various neurological diseases, like neurodegenerative diseases and cerebral tumors [ 48 ].…”

Section: Natural Evs For Treating Strokementioning

confidence: 99%

Engineered Extracellular Vesicles for Drug Delivery in Therapy of Stroke

Ahmed,

Kuniyan,

Jawed

et al. 2023

Pharmaceutics

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising therapeutic modalities for treating neurological conditions. EVs facilitate intercellular communication among brain cells under normal and abnormal physiological conditions. The potential capability of EVs to pass through the blood–brain barrier (BBB) makes them highly promising as nanocarrier contenders for managing stroke. EVs possess several potential advantages compared to existing drug-delivery vehicles. These advantages include their capacity to surpass natural barriers, target specific cells, and stability within the circulatory system. This review explores the trafficking and cellular uptake of EVs and evaluates recent findings in the field of EVs research. Additionally, an overview is provided of the techniques researchers utilize to bioengineer EVs for stroke therapy, new results on EV–BBB interactions, and the limitations and prospects of clinically using EVs for brain therapies. The primary objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the advantages and challenges related to engineered EVs drug delivery, specifically focusing on their application in the treatment of stroke.

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“…The importance of EV signaling in the context of the brain has been documented for the first time in early 1950s based on electron microscopy studies [41][42][43]. Since then, the role of EVs secreted by neural cells such as microglia and astrocytes in immune signaling [44,45], in synaptic plasticity [9], in the specificity of neural cell communication [46], in the spreading of certain neurological conditions including neurodegenerative diseases and brain tumors, has been unveiled (reviewed in ref.…”

Section: Native Evs As Brain Therapeuticsmentioning

confidence: 99%