“…Iwate Prefecture was especially impacted with more than 6,000 dead and missing persons and 23,000 collapsed homes. More than 45,000 buildings in Iwate Prefecture were inundated by the tsunami (Yanagawa et al, 2014a), and various reports noted that most buildings were flooded or extremely damaged (Arikawa, 2012;Hiraishi, 2012;Inukai et al, 2012;Kawasaki, 2012;Suppasri et al, 2012;Suzuki et al, 2012). In addition, various purpose-developed analytical techniques were applied to quantitatively clarify the extent of building damage, which could only previously be ascertained qualitatively (Charvet et al, 2014;Gokon et al, 2016;Koshimura et al, 2012a;Koshimura et al, 2012b;Macabuag et al, 2016;Narita et al, 2015).…”