The susceptibility of Irish-grown and Galician-grown Manila clams, Ruditapes philippinarum, to Vibrio tapetis and Brown Ring Disease

Drummond, Linda; Balboa, Sabela; Beaz, Roxana; Mulcahy, Mark; Barja, Juan L.; Culloty, Sarah C.; Romalde, Jesús L.

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2006.11.010

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Clam sensitivity to V. tapetis seems to vary according to the geographic origin of the clams. French Manila clam populations are more susceptible to BRD than populations in the United States (1), and recently, similar findings were reported for Galician-grown Manila clams compared to Irish-grown clams (16). In addition, intraspecific molecular typing showed that there are several genetic groups that strongly correlate with the host species, suggesting that genetic modifications are responsible for host specificity (43).…”

supporting

confidence: 67%

DjlA, a Membrane-Anchored DnaJ-Like Protein, Is Required for Cytotoxicity of Clam Pathogen Vibrio tapetis to Hemocytes

Lakhal

Bury‐Moné

Nomane

et al. 2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

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DjlA is an inner membrane cochaperone belonging to the DnaJ family, which has been shown to be involved in Legionella sp. pathogenesis. In this study, we explored the role of this protein in the physiology and virulence of Vibrio tapetis, the etiological agent of brown ring disease (BRD) in Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum). Analysis of the djlA locus in V. tapetis revealed a putative organization in an operon with a downstream gene that we designated duf924 Vt , which encodes a conserved protein with an unknown function and has homologues in bacteria and eukaryotes. djlA mutants displayed a reduced growth rate and showed an important loss of cytotoxic activity against R. philippinarum hemocytes in vitro, which could be restored by extrachromosomal expression of wild-type djlA Vt but not duf924 Vt . These results are in keeping with the potential importance of DjlA for bacterial pathogenicity and open new perspectives for understanding the mechanism of action of this protein in the novel V. tapetis-R. philippinarum interaction model.Vibrio tapetis CECT4600 (formerly Vibrio Predominant 1 or VP1) was isolated in 1990 at Landeda (North Finistère, France) and was characterized as the etiological agent of brown ring disease (BRD) in the Japanese clam Ruditapes philippinarum (6, 37). BRD appeared in 1987 in Brittany (France), where this species of clam was introduced for aquaculture. Since then, the disease has been found in several marine bivalves from the United Kingdom, Ireland, Spain, Italy, and Korea (4,17,25,41). In addition, more recently, V. tapetis was isolated from the corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops) suffering from vibriosis (22). In clams, moribund animals exhibit a brown organic deposit consisting of conchiolin, after which the disease is named, between the edge of the shell and the pallial line, and the major site of infection is the extrapallial space and the periostracal lamina (38-40). Clam sensitivity to V. tapetis seems to vary according to the geographic origin of the clams. French Manila clam populations are more susceptible to BRD than populations in the United States (1), and recently, similar findings were reported for Galician-grown Manila clams compared to Irish-grown clams (16). In addition, intraspecific molecular typing showed that there are several genetic groups that strongly correlate with the host species, suggesting that genetic modifications are responsible for host specificity (43).Like the defense strategies of many invertebrates, the clam defense strategy involves biochemical and hematological changes. Hemocytes present in the hemolymph constitute the main line of defense against infections. Infected R. philippinarum has a higher total hemocyte count and lysozyme activity, particularly in the extrapallial fluids, which are in contact with the site of infection. An increased number of granulocytes, a particular type of hemocytes with phagocytic activity, is important for the resistance of R. philippinarum to infection by V. tapetis, and severely diseased clams exhibit a decre...

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supporting

confidence: 67%

DjlA, a Membrane-Anchored DnaJ-Like Protein, Is Required for Cytotoxicity of Clam Pathogen Vibrio tapetis to Hemocytes

Lakhal

Bury‐Moné

Nomane

et al. 2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Conversely, in the present study applied to natural clam stocks, a high percentage of Manila clams with V. tapetis were without BRD symptoms. Moreover, BRD is not known to currently occur in Ireland, although its etiological agent has recently been detected in asymptomatic Manila clams from a number of natural sites around the Irish Coast (Drummond et al 2007). The same phenomenon was recorded at all five stations sampled in this study.…”

Section: Correspondence Brd Diagnosis / Vibrio Tapetis Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasite co-infection of two sympatric bivalves, the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) and the cockle (Cerastoderma edule) along a latitudinal gradient

Lassalle

Montaudouin

Soudant

et al. 2007

Aquat. Living Resour.

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. Parasite coinfection of two sympatric bivalves, the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) and the cockle (Cerastoderma edule) along a latitudinal gradient. Aquatic Living Resources, EDP Sciences, 2007, 20, pp.33-42. <10.1051/alr:2007013>. Aquat. Living Resour. 20, 33-42 (2007 Abstract -Among the potential biotic factors affecting population dynamics, parasitism has received relatively little attention. The purpose of this study was to inventory marine bivalve parasites and to investigate relations between different parasite communities. Five intertidal stations along the French Atlantic shore were studied between Brittany and Arcachon Bay. Two bivalves (the edible cockle, Cerastoderma edule, and the Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum) were sampled and examined. The parasites included a bacterium (Vibrio tapetis), a protozoan (Perkinsus sp.), and digenetic trematode metacercariae (10 species). Perkinsus sp. prevalence and density in clams were higher than those measured in cockles (30 250 vs. 36 cells g −1 of gill wet weight, respectively) while digeneans were more common in cockles (46 metacercariae per cockle host vs. 1 per clam host). Distributions of digeneans and Perkinsus sp. were similar along the Atlantic shore. However, at each sampling station and at the individual scale, no correlation between Perkinsus sp. and digenean abundance was detected. These results suggest different ecological niches used by these two parasites within a community of bivalves but a similar response to environmental factors such as temperature and salinity. Vibrio tapetis was found at relatively high prevalence in all stations for both bivalve species (from 17% to 43% in cockles and from 23% to 50% in clams), but was associated with a low prevalence of Brown Ring Disease (BRD), a shell disease caused by this pathogen. No statistically significant relationship of these parasitic bacteria with trematodes and Perkinsus sp. was evidenced in the present study. Key words:Bivalve mollusc / Digenea /Parasites / Host specificity / Infectivity / NE Atlantic Ocean Résumé -Co-infestation de parasites chez deux mollusques bivalves, la palourde (Ruditapes philippinarum) et la coque (Cerastoderma edule) le long d'un gradient latitudinal. Parmi les facteurs biotiques pouvant affecter la dynamique de populations, le parasitisme a reçu relativement peu d'attention. Le but de cette étude est d'inventorier les parasites de bivalves marins et de rechercher les relations entre les différentes communautés de parasites. Cinq stations intertidales le long du littoral français, entre la Bretagne et la baie d'Arcachon, ont été étudiées. Deux espèces de bivalves, la coque (Cerastoderma edule) et la palourde (Ruditapes philippinarum) ont été échantillonnées et examinées. Les parasites présents sont une bactérie (Vibrio tapetis), un protozoaire (Perkinsus sp.) et des métacercaires de trématodes digènes (10 espèces). La prévalence et la densité de Perkinsus sp. dans les palourdes sont supérieures à celles mesurées pour les coques (30 25...

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“…Drummond et al (2007) for example found differences between Irish and Galician clams susceptibility to V. tapetis. Alternatively, if V. tapetis was contracted by clams at their seed source, it is possible that there are differences in pathogenicity of V. tapetis from different sources.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All isolates were characterised by a series of standard morphological, physiological and biochemical tests as described in previous studies (Cowan 1974;Smibert and Krieg 1981;West and Colwell 1984;Borrego et al 1996;Drummond et al 2007) with an incubating temperature of 18 ±1°C. The type V. tapetis strain, CECT 4600, was used as a positive control for all tests.…”

Section: Isolation and Characterisation Of Vibrio Tapetismentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey of the health status of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum in Ireland with specific reference to brown ring disease

2009

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The present work investigated the health status of the Manila clam in Ireland, with particular reference to brown ring disease (BRD) caused by V. tapetis which has been responsible for high mortalities of this bivalve throughout Europe. BRD was diagnosed in Ireland in the 1990s, causing heavy mortalities in Manila clam stocks in the north-west coast. In the current study, samples of clams from an Irish hatchery were obtained and screened from two sites, Drumcliff Bay, Co. Sligo and Dungloe Bay, Co. Donegal. Turbellarians and trematodes with some minor infections were the only parasites observed. Clams were examined for BRD, by analysis of shell valves for brown ring signs, and for V. tapetis by microbiological methods and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). BRD was not diagnosed in cultivated clams from either site. It was, however, diagnosed in residual clams, which had survived the initial outbreak of BRD in the 1990s in Dungloe Bay. V. tapetis, however was detected in clams from both sites. Additionally, BRD was diagnosed, and V. tapetis isolated, in a once-off sample of clams from Mulroy Bay, Co. Donegal, where clams had been on-grown from imported seed. Minor heterogeneity at the 16S rDNA gene was observed between some sequenced products from Mulroy Bay and from Drumcliff Bay and Dungloe Bay indicating that in addition to V. tapetis, a V. tapetis-like strain may have been present in Mulroy Bay. The detection of V. tapetis in asymptomatic clams in Drumcliff Bay and Dungloe Bay may indicate that disease development may only occur when a number of factors combine to induce disease symptoms.

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The susceptibility of Irish-grown and Galician-grown Manila clams, Ruditapes philippinarum, to Vibrio tapetis and Brown Ring Disease

Cited by 17 publications

References 22 publications

DjlA, a Membrane-Anchored DnaJ-Like Protein, Is Required for Cytotoxicity of Clam Pathogen Vibrio tapetis to Hemocytes

DjlA, a Membrane-Anchored DnaJ-Like Protein, Is Required for Cytotoxicity of Clam Pathogen Vibrio tapetis to Hemocytes

Parasite co-infection of two sympatric bivalves, the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) and the cockle (Cerastoderma edule) along a latitudinal gradient

A survey of the health status of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum in Ireland with specific reference to brown ring disease

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