The Sustainable Supply Chain Network Competition Based on Non-Cooperative Equilibrium under Carbon Emission Permits

Abstract

Under the background of a circular economy, this paper examines multi-tiered closed-loop supply chain network competition under carbon emission permits and discusses how stringent carbon regulations influence the network performance. We derive the governing equilibrium conditions for carbon-capped mathematical gaming models of each player and provide the equivalent variational inequality formulations, which are then solved by modified projection and contraction algorithms. The numerical examples empower us to investigate the effects of diverse carbon emission regulations (cap-and-trade regulation, mandatory cap policy, and cap-sharing scheme) on enterprises’ decisions. The results reveal that the cap-sharing scheme is effective in coordinating the relationship between system profit and carbon emission abatement, while cap-and-trade regulation loses efficiency compared with the cap-sharing scheme. The government should allocate caps scientifically and encourage enterprises to adopt green production technologies, especially allowing large enterprises to share carbon quotas. This study can also contribute to the enterprises’ decision-making and revenue management under different carbon emissions reduction regulations.

A Bibliometric Analysis on Cooperatives in Circular Economy and Eco-Innovation Studies

“…An additional message from the papers in the dataset was related to waste management being a crucial aspect when speaking of CES, and that cooperatives are successful in providing a market space for selling waste as secondary resource [69] similar When looking at the papers ultimately retained for manual analysis in this section that focused on CE (n = 14), it was observable that the majority focused on downstream processes: CE as tool for emissions reduction [62], and cooperatives as a legal enterprise facilitating the application of CES [63] providing further support towards an economy that through employment can support reducing inequalities. Values such as co-operation, or even solidary-focus economy business models, provide the space to provide and offer decent work to eliminate inequalities and poverty [63].…”

Preface to the Special Issue on “Computational and Mathematical Methods in Information Science and Engineering”

“…The paper authored by Cheng et al [17] examines multi-tiered closed-loop supply chain network competition under carbon emission permits and discusses how stringent carbon regulations influence the network performance.…”