“…An actor-focused approach, that is, focusing on the supply-side, also shows that FRPs have helped their normalization proving once again that the supply-side of politics matters greatly (Mudde, 2007). In recent years, several FRPs (such as Lega Nord, The Brothers of Italy, Front National, and the Swedish Democrats) have astutely attempted to distance themselves from their extreme past, endeavouring to craft a new party image that aligns more closely with liberal democracy (e.g., Albertazzi et al, 2018;Donà, 2022;Ivaldi, 2014;Kenes, 2020;Rydgren & van der Meiden, 2019;Stockemer, 2017). This marked the subsequent phase in these parties' evolution as they sought to retain their status as significant political players and establish a presence in their countries' governance.…”