The sympathetic efferent discharges during the bezold-jarisch reflex

Miyamoto, Julio; Arasaki, Keisuke; Fukunaga, A. F.

doi:10.1016/0304-3940(77)90012-x

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…It has been hypothesized that hyperinflation of the lungs caused by blast overpressure stimulates the juxtacapillary J-receptors located on the alveolar interstitial surface and innervated by vagal fibers, triggering a vasovagal reflex that leads to apnea followed by tachypnea, bradycardia, and hypotension [32][33][34][35] . In addition, hypoxia/ischemia caused by the pulmonary vagal reflex stimulates chemoreceptors in the left ventricle, activating a cardiovascular decompressor Bezold-Jarish reflex leading to significant parasympathetic efferent discharge to the heart 36 . This may cause further bradycardia and peripheral blood vessel dilatation, eventually contributing to cerebral hypoxemia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a new militarily-relevant whole-body low-intensity blast model for mild and subconcussive traumatic brain injury: Examination of acute neurological and multi-organ pathological outcomes

Hellewell

Černak

2021

Preprint

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This work describes a newly developed experimental mouse model reproducing features of blast-induced neurotrauma (BINT), induced in operationally relevant manner using a compressed air-driven shock tube. Mild BINT (smBINT) was induced by one exposure to a low-intensity blast (LIB), whereas subconcussive BINT (rscBINT) was caused by repeated exposures to LIB. To mimic an operational scenario when a soldier is standing when exposed to blast using a quadruped experimental animal (mouse), a whole-body holder was developed to position mice in a bipedal stance, face-on toward the pressure wave generated in a shock tube. This restraint avoids bobble head movement, thus prevents tertiary blast effects, and allows administration of fast-acting inhaled anesthetics via nose cone. Using this model, we established and validated paradigms for primary blast-induced mild and repetitive traumatic brain injuries Our results showed that a single exposure to 69 kPa (10 psi) was capable of inducing smBINT, whereas three-rounds of exposure to 41 kPa (6 psi) caused rscBINT. Mice recovered rapidly from both types of BINT without prolonged neurological dysfunction. Mild superficial pathology was found predominantly in the lungs 24h after injury, with equivalent pathology after smBINT or repetitive rscBINT. The Purkinje layer of the cerebellum exhibited neuronal damage persisting up to 7d. Similar to some other models as well as clinical findings, this model reproduces blast-induced cerebellar pathology. In conclusion, this model positioning mice in a bipedal stance and facing front-on toward the shockwave provides realistic representation of operational scenarios and reproduces militarily-relevant smBINT and rscBINT in the laboratory.

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