The symptom checklist-90-revised and mild traumatic brain injury

Westcott, Mary Catherine; Alfano, D P

doi:10.1080/02699050500150104

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Our current affective findings are also similar to a past report that showed increased self-reported anxiety levels in mild TBI participants compared with controls, only in a group of mild TBI participants who were unaware of their group membership, but not those made aware of their mild TBI status (Ozen & Fernandes, 2011). Prior studies have found increased levels of selfreported anxiety (Dischinger et al, 2009;Westcott & Alfano, 2005) and increased prevalence of anxiety-related disorders (Mooney & Speed, 2001) long after mild TBI. Our findings confirm that self-reported anxiety levels are heightened in individuals long after a mild TBI, even when "diagnosis threat" is an unlikely confound.…”

Section: The Importance Of Reducing the Influence Of Diagnosis Threatsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Similar to the majority of previous reports, we did not expect any group differences to emerge on the neuropsychological tasks, nor on our cognitive self-report measures. We did anticipate, however, that mild TBI participants would report higher levels of anxiety compared with controls, a result previously reported in the mild TBI literature (Dischinger, Ryb, Kufera, & Auman, 2009;Westcott & Alfano, 2005) and in participants who were not exposed to "diagnosis threat" (Ozen & Fernandes, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 60%

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Slowing Down after a Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Strategy to Improve Cognitive Task Performance?

Ozen

Fernandes

2011

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology

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Long-term persistent attention and memory difficulties following a mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) often go undetected on standard neuropsychological tests, despite complaints by mild TBI individuals. We conducted a visual Repetition Detection working memory task to digits, in which we manipulated task difficulty by increasing cognitive load, to identify subtle deficits long after a mild TBI. Twenty-six undergraduate students with a self-report of one mild TBI, which occurred at least 6 months prior, and 31 non-head-injured controls took part in the study. Participants were not informed until study completion that the study's purpose was to examine cognitive changes following a mild TBI, to reduce the influence of "diagnosis threat" on performance. Neuropsychological tasks did not differentiate the groups, though mild TBI participants reported higher state anxiety levels. On our working memory task, the mild TBI group took significantly longer to accurately detect repeated targets on our task, suggesting that slowed information processing is a long-term consequence of mild TBI. Accuracy was comparable in the low-load condition and, unexpectedly, mild TBI performance surpassed that of controls in the high-load condition. Temporal analysis of target identification suggested a strategy difference between groups: mild TBI participants made a significantly greater number of accurate responses following the target's offset, and significantly fewer erroneous distracter responses prior to target onset, compared with controls. Results suggest that long after a mild TBI, high-functioning young adults invoke a strategy of delaying their identification of targets in order to maintain, and facilitate, accuracy on cognitively demanding tasks.

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Section: The Importance Of Reducing the Influence Of Diagnosis Threatsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Slowing Down after a Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Strategy to Improve Cognitive Task Performance?

Ozen

Fernandes

2011

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology

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“…As well, “neutral” MHI participants reported higher levels of state anxiety compared to “diagnosis threat” MHI participants. Prior studies have also found increased levels of self-reported anxiety (Dischinger et al, 2009; Westcott & Alfano, 2005) and increased prevalence of anxiety-related disorders (Mooney & Speed, 2001) long after MHI. This study adds to that literature in that higher anxiety levels were reported by high-functioning undergraduate students with a MHI following the completion of a neuropsychological test battery, but only when they were unaware the effects of their head injury were being investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Effects of “Diagnosis Threat” on Cognitive and Affective Functioning Long After Mild Head Injury

Ozen

Fernandes

2010

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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Persistent cognitive complaints are common following a mild head injury (MHI), but deficits are rarely detected on neuropsychological tests. Our objective was to examine the effect of symptom expectation on self-report and cognitive performance measures in MHI individuals. Prior research suggests that when MHI participants are informed they may experience cognitive difficulties, they perform worse on neuropsychological tests compared to MHI participants who are uninformed. In this study, undergraduate students with and without a prior MHI were either informed that the study's purpose was to investigate the effects of MHI on cognitive functioning ("diagnosis threat" condition) or merely informed that their cognitive functioning was being examined, with no mention of status ("neutral" condition). "Diagnosis threat" MHIs self-reported more attention failures compared to "diagnosis threat" controls and "neutral" MHIs, and more memory failures compared to "diagnosis threat" controls. In the "neutral" condition, MHIs reported higher anxiety levels compared to controls and compared to "diagnosis threat" MHIs. Regardless of condition, MHIs performed worse on only one neuropsychological test of attention span. "Diagnosis threat" may contribute to the prevalence and persistence of cognitive complaints made by MHI individuals found in the literature, but may not have as strong of an effect on neuropsychological measures.

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“…12 The SCL-90 is regularly used in TBI research 22,23 and has been found to be an effective measure of general distress. 24 It contains a 20-item depression subscale in which respondents report distress severity for each of 20 symptoms over the past week; response options are "not at all," "a little bit," "moderately," "quite a bit," or "extremely." The SCL-20 has excellent psychometric properties and is sensitive to change, particularly within medical samples.…”

Section: Symptom Checklist-20mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Psychometric Properties of 3 Depression Measures in a Sample of Persons With Traumatic Brain Injury and Major Depressive Disorder

Dyer¹,

Williams²,

Bombardier³

et al. 2016

Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation

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The symptom checklist-90-revised and mild traumatic brain injury

Abstract: The results of this study suggest that the SCL-90-R has considerable utility as a general measure of psychological and symptomatic distress following MTBI.

Cited by 14 publications

References 30 publications

Slowing Down after a Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Strategy to Improve Cognitive Task Performance?

Slowing Down after a Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Strategy to Improve Cognitive Task Performance?

Effects of “Diagnosis Threat” on Cognitive and Affective Functioning Long After Mild Head Injury

Evaluating the Psychometric Properties of 3 Depression Measures in a Sample of Persons With Traumatic Brain Injury and Major Depressive Disorder

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