The Symptoms and Cause of Guava Wilt in South Africa

Schoeman, M.H.; Benade, E.; Wingfield, M.J.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0434.1997.tb00339.x

Cited by 14 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…are highly effective/virulent and has the ability to infect the plant successfully and causes histopathological changes very efficiently. In the infection process some important steps are common for all strategies including adhesion and penetration to the surface of the plant and absortion of required nutrients from the plant cells (Dwivedi 1991;Hardham, 2001;Schoeman et. al., 1997).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A survey on nematode and wilt problem of guava was carried out in Allahabad region and its adjacent areas in U.P., India (Ruchi et al, 2002). Wilted guava plants have also been reported from South Africa (Grech, 1985;Schoeman et al, 1997), Brazil (Junqueira et al, 2001), Pakistan (Ansar et al, 1994), Bangladesh (Hamiduzzaman et al, 1997), and Canberra, Australia (Lim and Manicom, 2003). In this article, an interaction process by Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to understand the penetration and establishment of infection in guava root.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Histopathological Observations in Guava Root during Wilting caused byFusariumSpecies: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study

Dwivedi

2016

International Journal of Fruit Science

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Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani are the two most destructive pathogens causing wilt disease in guava (Psidium guajava L.) commonly known as 'super fruits'. These pathogens attack mainly on the root region of the plant and cause severe infection. In the present investigation the infection process was studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and it was observed that the root region of the guava plant showed disintegration and necrosis in the epidermal layer, cortex tissue, and in vascular bundles, while the root region of a healthy sapling showed no such changes. The rupturing of the epidermal layer may show the entry of pathogens in the host tissue through the secretion of toxic enzymes/metabolites. These toxins have great potential to cause wilting symptoms in guava plants in the form of necrosis. Wilt disease causes huge losses in guava production in both tropical and subtropical countries. Therefore, there is a need to find the responsible factors. The present study is an attempt to understand the interaction mechanism of phyto-pathogens causing wilt disease.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Histopathological Observations in Guava Root during Wilting caused byFusariumSpecies: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study

Dwivedi

2016

International Journal of Fruit Science

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“…During rapid decline, leaves tend to shrivel and die on the trees, which assume a scorched appearance. When decline occurs more slowly, leaves drop gradually, resulting in complete defoliation (Schoeman et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of fungicides, plant resistance activators and biological control agents against guava wilt disease caused by Nalanthamala psidii

Schoeman

Labuschagne

Calitz

2016

South African Journal of Plant and Soil

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Guava wilt disease (GWD) caused by the fungus Nalanthamala psidii remains a major constraint to guava production in South Africa and South East Asia. In the current study, chemical and biological products as well as plant resistance activators were evaluated for control of GWD in shadehouse and glasshouse trials. In all trials, one-year-old 'TS-G2' guava plants were used. Plants were inoculated with a macerated culture suspension of a mixture of three isolates of N. psidii after artificial wounding of the roots. Products were applied as a soil drench or as a full cover spray. In trial 1 plants were evaluated according to a disease severity scale. In trial 2 and 3 data were recorded as number of dead plants at the termination of the trial. None of the chemical treatments caused a significant suppression of the disease. The best control was achieved with the combination of rhizobacterial strains Bacillus cereus S7 and Paenibacillus alvei T29 resulting in 53.4% and 50% disease control in trials 2 and 3 respectively. This treatment also seems to have a plant growth enhancing effect apart from disease suppression. This is to our knowledge the first report of control of GWD by means of bacterial antagonists.

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“…Diseased plants show symptoms of chlorosis, defoliation, wilt and eventually die (Kurosawa, ; Hsieh et al ., ; Leu et al ., ). Wilt disease has also been reported to cause serious losses of guava in tropical and subtropical countries such as Malaysia (Schoeman, ), South Africa (Schoeman et al ., ) and Thailand (Athipunyakom & Luangsa‐ard, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although several studies have investigated the aetiology and ecology of guava wilt (Kurosawa, ; Leu & Kao, ; Schoeman et al ., ; Lim & Manicom, ), the mechanism of infection of guava plants by the pathogen in the field remains controversial. Several reports (Kurosawa, ; Lim & Manicom, ) showed that the artificial inoculation of N .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of root infection in guava wilt caused by Nalanthamala psidii

Hong¹,

Hsieh²,

Chen³

et al. 2014

Plant Pathology

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Guava (Psidium guajava) wilt, caused by Nalanthamala psidii, has been a destructive disease in Taiwan, Thailand, Malaysia and South Africa since it was first reported in guava in 1926. However, the primary infection site of the pathogen remains controversial. This study was conducted to elucidate the importance of root infection by N. psidii in guava orchards in Taiwan. During 2010–2012, a total of 23 guava trees were sampled from three orchards and the isolation frequency of N. psidii from wounded twigs and roots was analysed. The overall isolation frequency of N. psidii was significantly higher (P < 0·01) from roots than trimmed and pruned twigs. Nalanthamala psidii was detected in 53·5% of the root samples from a guava tree showing mild symptoms of wilt and in 0·9% of the root samples from another guava tree without visible symptoms of wilt; however, no N. psidii was detected in the tissues of the trimming and pruning wounds in either tree. Cross sections of diseased guava branches showed that N. psidii colonized the lower part more heavily than the upper part of the branch. When guava trees were inoculated by applying N. psidii‐infested soil to injured roots, wilt symptoms developed within 6–13 months. Furthermore, N. psidii infection of guava seedlings via root contact with wilted guava trunks was recorded for the first time in Taiwan, demonstrating the importance of root infection in guava wilt disease.

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The Symptoms and Cause of Guava Wilt in South Africa

Cited by 14 publications

References 2 publications

Histopathological Observations in Guava Root during Wilting caused byFusariumSpecies: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study

Histopathological Observations in Guava Root during Wilting caused byFusariumSpecies: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study

Efficacy of fungicides, plant resistance activators and biological control agents against guava wilt disease caused by Nalanthamala psidii

Importance of root infection in guava wilt caused by Nalanthamala psidii

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