The Symptoms of Varicose Veins: Difficult to Determine and Difficult to Study

Wb, Campbell; Decaluwé, Herbert; Boecxstaens, Veerle; MacIntyre, J. B.; Walker, N.; Je, Thompson; Cowan, A. R.

doi:10.1016/j.ejvs.2007.07.012

Cited by 29 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The response rate of 72% in this study is in line with other questionnaire studies including VV patients. 16,27,30 Questionnaires were administered by post which probably reduced the response rate, but prevented the social desirability bias associated with interview. Also, patients were unlikely to inflate their symptoms ("fake bad") in this study as they were already attending for treatment at the time of completing the questionnaires.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generic Health-related Quality of Life is Significantly Worse in Varicose Vein Patients with Lower Limb Symptoms Independent of Ceap Clinical Grade

Darvall

Bate

Adam

et al. 2012

European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery

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Physical and mental HRQL is significantly worse in VV patients with lower limb symptoms irrespective of the clinical stage of disease. This observation confirms that VV are not primarily a cosmetic problem and that NHS rationing of treatment to those with CEAP C4-6 disease excludes many patients who would benefit from intervention in terms of HRQL. Generic HRQL instruments also allow comparison with interventions for other chronic conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generic Health-related Quality of Life is Significantly Worse in Varicose Vein Patients with Lower Limb Symptoms Independent of Ceap Clinical Grade

Darvall

Bate

Adam

et al. 2012

European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery

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“…They may also represent patients in whom symptoms reported were unrelated to an underlying venous cause. However, due to the difficulties in correlating venous reflux with symptomatogy, 26,29 this is extremely difficult to assess.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study to compare disease-specific quality of life with clinical anatomical and hemodynamic assessments in patients with varicose veins

Shepherd

Gohel

Lim

et al. 2011

Journal of Vascular Surgery

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“…Standing for long periods of time increases complaints related to CVD. 45 We found that cooling of legs of participants with larger calf circumference, also indicative of obesity and/or swelling, resulted in minimal improvements in QOL or symptom reduction. In general, individuals with swelling have reduced function and higher reports of pain and disability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Exploring the influence of a cooling treatment on quality of life in patients with chronic venous disease

Kelechi¹,

Mueller²,

Madisetti³

et al. 2017

CWCMR

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Purpose:The study aimed to evaluate the influence of a self-administered cooling intervention on quality of life (QOL) associated with chronic venous disease (CVD), stages clinical, etiological, anatomical, pathophysiological (CEAP) C4 (skin damage) and C5 (healed ulcer). Study design and subjects: A sample of 276 individuals was randomized to receive a cooling (n=138) or placebo control cuff (n=138) applied to the leg skin affected by CVD. Both groups also received standard of care that included compression, leg elevation, and physical activity. QOL was measured with the venous insufficiency epidemiological and economic study (VEINES)-QOL and symptom (Sym) subscale Questionnaire at 5 time points during the 9-month study. Relationships between treatment outcomes and demographics were analyzed. Results: Cooling and control groups had significant increases from baseline in mean change VEINES-QOL scores (13.5 vs 12.8, p<0.0001) and Sym scores (10.4 vs 6.7, p<0.0001). No significant difference was observed for VEINES-QOL between the groups (Δ =0.67, p=0.58); however, the difference was significant for Sym for cooling (Δ =3.7, p=0.015). Overall QOL improvements were significant for females compared to males (p<0.001), not employed fulltime (p<0.001), living in rural areas (p<0.002), and less effective for larger calf circumference (p=0.042). For age groups ≥65 years, cooling produced significant improvements in QOL (10.8 vs 4.5, p<0.0004); the control group symptoms worsened during the study (-1.0 vs 8.1, p<0.0001). Conclusion: This cooling intervention improved QOL. The greatest improvements were observed in older individuals, females, those who were married, not working full time, and living in rural areas. CVD remains a poorly controlled chronic condition and has a major negative influence on QOL. Keywords: chronic venous disease, quality of life, cooling therapy, negative symptoms, cryotherapy, venous disorders Plain language summaryThe purpose of this study was to determine whether quality of life (QOL) was affected by the use of a cooling cuff to reduce negative symptoms of chronic venous disease (CVD) of the lower legs where the skin was previously ulcerated and/or damaged. Individuals participating in the study received one of two treatments: a cooling cuff made of gel or a "placebo" cuff filled with cotton. The cuffs were kept in the freezer until they were ready to be applied to the affected skin, starting daily for 30 minutes for 30 days, then twice-weekly for 3 months and then weekly for 3 months. Participants also wore compression hosiery during the day and elevated their legs each evening during the treatment. The VEINES Sym/QOL Questionnaire was used to measure QOL. We found that QOL improved in individuals using the cooling cuff compared to those using the cotton cuff; symptoms become worse in the latter group. Greater improvements were reported by females and those 65 years of age and older. Females and those older in age may be more positively susceptible to the effects of cooling to reduce negative...

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The Symptoms of Varicose Veins: Difficult to Determine and Difficult to Study

Cited by 29 publications

References 8 publications

Generic Health-related Quality of Life is Significantly Worse in Varicose Vein Patients with Lower Limb Symptoms Independent of Ceap Clinical Grade

Generic Health-related Quality of Life is Significantly Worse in Varicose Vein Patients with Lower Limb Symptoms Independent of Ceap Clinical Grade

A study to compare disease-specific quality of life with clinical anatomical and hemodynamic assessments in patients with varicose veins

Exploring the influence of a cooling treatment on quality of life in patients with chronic venous disease

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