The synaptonemal complex and the spindle plaque during meiosis in yeast

Zickler, Denise; Olson, Lauritz W.

doi:10.1007/bf00284959

Cited by 108 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The number of microtubules that comprise the yeast spindle is a function of the ploidy of the strain examined (18,20,29). Serial thick sections through whole or partial spindles, examined in the high voltage electron microscope, indicate a oneto-one correlation between the number of linkage groups per nucleus (17 in the haploid strain; [17]) and the number of discontinuous microtubules (18).…”

Section: Abstract Yeast Microtubules Spindle Pole Bodies Nucleation mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleation of microtubules in vitro by isolated spindle pole bodies of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Hyams¹,

Borisy²

1978

The Journal of Cell Biology

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Spindle pole bodies (SPBs) were isolated from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by an adaptation of the Kleinschmidt monolayer technique. Spheroplasts prepared from the cells were lysed on an air-water interface. Spread preparations were picked up on grids, transferred to experimental test solutions, and prepared for whole-mount electron microscopy. Using purified exogenous tubulin from porcine brain tissue, the isolated SPBs were shown to nucleate the assembly of microtubules in vitro. Microtubule growth was directional and primarily onto the intranuclear face of the SPB. Neither the morphology nor the microtubuleinitiating capacity of the SPB was affected by treatment with the enzymes DNase, RNase, or phospholipase although both properties were sensitive to trypsin. Analysis of SPBs at various stages of the cell cycle showed that newly replicated SPBs had the capacity to nucleate microtubules. SPBs isolated from exponentially growing cells initiated a subset of the yeast spindle microtubules equivalent to the number of pole-to-pole microtubules seen in vivo. However, SPBs isolated from cells in stationary phase and therefore arrested in G1 nucleated a number of microtubules equal to the total chromosomal and pole-to-pole tubules in the yeast spindle. This may mean that in Gl-arrested cells, the SPB is associated with microtubule attachment sites of the yeast chromatin.

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Section: Abstract Yeast Microtubules Spindle Pole Bodies Nucleation mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleation of microtubules in vitro by isolated spindle pole bodies of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Hyams¹,

Borisy²

1978

The Journal of Cell Biology

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“…Configuration somewhat similar to polar vesicles in microsporidia occurs in yeasts, which also have spindle plaques. In yeasts, mitochondria line the dividing nucleus (Zickler and Olson 1975). Fig.…”

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\"Polar vesicles\" of microsporidia are mitochondrial remnants (\"mitosomes\")?

Vávra¹

2005

FOLIA PARASIT

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Abstract. Conventional transmission electron microscopy was used to localise double-membrane vesicles probably representing mitochondrial remnants ("mitosomes") in four species of microsporidia. Very few such vesicles were found dispersed throughout cytoplasm with no relationship to other cell organelles. Several double-membrane vesicles per ultrathin section, however, occurred regularly close to the nuclear spindle plaque. These vesicles are identical with the "polar vesicles" typically associated with the microsporidian spindle plaque and known since 1971. The reason for mitosome accumulation near the spindle plaque is unknown. Possibly the spindle plaques are involved in mitosome segregation during cell division.

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“…In favorable light microscope preparations, DNA is organized into chromomeres of condensed chromatin; however, their organization with respect to AEs cannot be easily resolved by conventional light microscopy. Although analysis of spatial organization of AEs at a high resolution can be accomplished by three-dimensional (3D) EM reconstructions of entire nuclei (e.g., Gillies 1973;Zickler and Olson 1975;Goldstein and Moens 1976), 3D EM analysis of even one cell is arduous. It has been difficult to describe the spatial behavior of AEs during synapsis, which constrains our understanding of the kinetics of this dynamic process.…”

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Interlock Formation and Coiling of Meiotic Chromosome Axes During Synapsis

et al. 2009

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The meiotic prophase chromosome has a unique architecture. At the onset of leptotene, the replicated sister chromatids are organized along an axial element. During zygotene, as homologous chromosomes pair and synapse, a synaptonemal complex forms via the assembly of a transverse element between the two axial elements. However, due to the limitations of light and electron microscopy, little is known about chromatin organization with respect to the chromosome axes and about the spatial progression of synapsis in three dimensions. Three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy (3D-SIM) is a new method of superresolution optical microscopy that overcomes the 200-nm diffraction limit of conventional light microscopy and reaches a lateral resolution of at least 100 nm. Using 3D-SIM and antibodies against a cohesin protein (AFD1/REC8), we resolved clearly the two axes that form the lateral elements of the synaptonemal complex. The axes are coiled around each other as a left-handed helix, and AFD1 showed a bilaterally symmetrical pattern on the paired axes. Using the immunostaining of the axial element component (ASY1/HOP1) to find unsynapsed regions, entangled chromosomes can be easily detected. At the late zygotene/early pachytene transition, about one-third of the nuclei retained unsynapsed regions and 78% of these unsynapsed axes were associated with interlocks. By late pachytene, no interlocks remain, suggesting that interlock resolution may be an important and rate-limiting step to complete synapsis. Since interlocks are potentially deleterious if left unresolved, possible mechanisms for their resolution are discussed in this article.

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The synaptonemal complex and the spindle plaque during meiosis in yeast

Cited by 108 publications

References 17 publications

Nucleation of microtubules in vitro by isolated spindle pole bodies of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Nucleation of microtubules in vitro by isolated spindle pole bodies of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

\"Polar vesicles\" of microsporidia are mitochondrial remnants (\"mitosomes\")?

Interlock Formation and Coiling of Meiotic Chromosome Axes During Synapsis

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