“…8 , 16 The cause of MPV deformity itself is deemed the failure of the first metatarsal stabilizing ligaments. 7 , 12 , 15 The weak stabilizing ligaments can be attributed to heredity, female estrogen, and degeneration. Many precipitating factors can cause the ligaments to fail, such as shoes, long first metatarsal, increased DMAA angle, round metatarsal head, medially angled metatarsocuneiform joint, etc.…”