The Synergistic Antiwear Performances of Organic Titanium Compounds Containing Sulfur with Borate Ester Additive

Abstract

Two oil-soluble organic titanium compounds (OTCs) such as titanium dialkyldithiocarbamate (TiDDC) and sulfurized titanate (TiS) were synthesized and identified by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The antiwear and extreme pressure properties of TiDDC or TiS with borate ester containing nitrogen (BNO) additive in mineral base oils were evaluated by four ball tester. The results show that TiDDC and TiS not only possess good antiwear and load-carrying properties, respectively, but also exhibit good antiwear synergism with BNO additive without impairing extreme pressure performances. Moreover, the synergistic antiwear properties of the said additives are improved significantly under the optimum additives ratios. The topography of wear scar and the composition and chemical states of typical elements on the rubbing surfaces were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS). The proposed synergistic antiwear mechanism involves an effective interaction between TiDDC or TiS and BNO additive, respectively.

Soot Nanoparticles Generated from Tribofilm Decomposition under Real Engine Conditions for Identifying Lubricant Hazards

“…Long-term exposure to high doses of supplemental zinc interferes with copper uptake of the human body. Due to the increased restrictions on pollutant elements, such as sulfur and phosphorus, the replacement of ZDDP (which contains considerable amounts of sulfur and phosphorus in the form of organic molecules) as an antiwear additive with other compounds becomes an issue of high importance. − Any newly proposed compound should be able to prevent the production of pollutant end products, should preserve or improve the antiwear properties while reducing the toxicity, and should produce end products that do not pose an environmental hazard, following the principles of green chemistry . Previous high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies on SNPs have confirmed the overall presence of the elements originating from ZDDP based on SEM energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) .…”

Corrosion Characteristics of Rolling Oil on the Rolled Copper Foil

“…Generally, extreme pressure agents are organic compounds containing S, P or Cl elements [11][12][13]. In recent years, compounds containing B elements have gradually been of concern for the sake of environmental protection [14,15]. Corrosion inhibitors can be employed to reduce the corrosion of copper foil caused by the rolling oil [16,17].…”

Structure and Formation of Soot Particles from Tribofilm Decomposition Under Real Engine Conditions

“…Due to the increased restrictions on pollutant elements, 26 such as sulfur and phosphorus, the replacement of ZDDP (which contains considerable amounts of sulfur and phosphorus in form of organic molecules) as an anti-wear additive with other compounds 27 becomes an issue of high importance. [28][29][30][31] Any newly proposed compound should be able to prevent the production of pollutant end-products, should preserve or improve the antiwear properties while reducing the toxicity and should produce end-products that do not pose an environmental hazard, following the principles of green chemistry. 32 Previous high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies on SNPs have confirmed the overall presence of the elements originating from ZDDP based on SEM energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS).…”