“…Aqueous foam is a disperse form of gas in a continuous liquid [ 1 ]. Foam is widely used in food [ 2 ], foam flotation [ 3 ], firefighting [ 4 , 5 ], and petroleum industries [ 6 , 7 , 8 ] because of its high fluidity, excellent rheology, low water consumption, and reduced formation damage [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) is currently recognized as the most widely used extinguishing agent in liquid fuel fires, as it has excellent foam stability and film-forming ability provided by fluorocarbon surfactants and hydrocarbon surfactants [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”