The synthesis and properties of filled polyvinyl chloride

Kurta, Sergiy; Chuiko, A. A.; Khaber, N. V.; Новокшонова, Л. А.

doi:10.1016/0032-3950(85)90286-2

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…This is, in turn, confirmed by the improvement of the physicomechanical properties of the catalyst, namely, by an increase in the specific surface area and pore volume and decrease in the bulk weight (see table). Figure 5 shows how the efficiency of C 2 H 4 conversion (curves 1, 2) and C 2 H 4 combustion (curves 3,4) in synthesis of 1,2-dichloroethane on a regenerated catalyst depend on the temperature of catalyst regeneration in air and an oxygen-rich gas mixture. It can be seen that the efficiency of C 2 H 4 conversion into dichloroethane grows from 92.5 to 93394% as the regeneration temperature increases from 180 to 250oC in the oxygen-rich has mixture (Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reaction requires a slight excess of C 2 H 4 and occurs in accordance with the overall equation [2] C 2 H 4 + 2HCl + 0.5O 2 6 C 2 H 4 Cl 2 + H 2 O + Q. (1) The main reaction is accompanied by side reactions: complete and incomplete combustion of C 2 H 4 to give CO and CO 2 [3]:…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…( 3) Other possible side reactions yield CCl 4 , chloral, trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, etc. (a total of up to 2% relative to 1,2-C 2 H 4 Cl 2 obtained) [4].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Influence of Regeneration Conditions on the Activity of the Catalyst for Oxidative Chlorination of Ethylene

2005

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The possibility of thermochemical regeneration of an industrial batch of a spent and partially deactivated catalyst to improve its activity and selectivity in oxidative chlorination of ethylene to give 1,2-dichloroethane was studied.In the existing process for manufacture of vinyl chloride by a balanced scheme, 1,2-dichloroethane 1,2-C 2 H 4 Cl 2 is produced by direct and oxidative chlorination of ethylene. The oxidative chlorination process uses as a catalyst CuCl 2 supported by g-Al 2 O 3 [1]. The reaction requires a slight excess of C 2 H 4 and occurs in accordance with the overall equation [2] C 2 H 4 + 2HCl + 0.5O 2 6 C 2 H 4 Cl 2 + H 2 O + Q. (1) The main reaction is accompanied by side reactions: complete and incomplete combustion of C 2 H 4 to give CO and CO 2 [3]:C 2 H 4 + 2O 2 6 2CO + 2H 2 O.(3)Other possible side reactions yield CCl 4 , chloral, trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, etc. (a total of up to 2% relative to 1,2-C 2 H 4 Cl 2 obtained) [4].In the course of the process, redox reactions may occur on the catalyst surface [5]: C 2 H 4 + 2CuCl 2 6 C 2 H 4 Cl 2 + 2CuCl, (4) 2CuCl + 0.5O 2 + 2HCl 6 2CuCl 2 + H 2 O. (5) The appearance of iron in the catalyst can be accounted for by the following reactions between the reactor walls and the catalyst:Fe + CuCl 2 6 FeCl 2 + Cu,4FeCl 2 + O 2 + 4HCl 6 4FeCl 3 + 2H 2 O, (7) D 2FeCl 3 + 3H 2 O 6 Fe 2 O 3 + 6HCl. EXPERIMENTALThe study was performed on the newly created experimental laboratory installation that operates on real process gases (taken from the stage of ethylene oxychlorination at a shop of Lukor Private Company, Kalush) and adequately models the industrial process.After two years of operation, the characteristics of the catalyst changed, which led to a decrease in its activity in oxychlorination. Therefore, our goal was to study the possibility of regenerating the oxychlorination catalyst and to analyze methods of such a regeneration under the conditions maximally similar to those used in the industry.Experiments on catalyst regeneration were performed in two ways: by thermal treatment of the catalyst in a fluidized bed in oxygen-rich gas mixture or in air and by washing the catalyst in dichloroethane. In addition, the physicomechanical properties of catalyst samples before and after regeneration were studied.The regeneration was performed in two modes: in air with heating to 180, 210, and 250oC and at increased oxygen content (20, 30, and 40 vol %) and nitrogen content of 80, 70, and 60 vol %, respectively. Simultaneously, analyses for the content of copper(I, II, total) chloride and iron(III) in the catalyst were made, with the bulk weight m b , specific surface area S sp , and pore volume V in the catalyst determined before and after regeneration. The data obtained are listed in the table.In addition, the table lists data on washing of the catalyst to remove iron(III) chloride by extraction into dichloroethane and describes changes in the physicomechanical properties of the catalyst.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 98%

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Influence of Regeneration Conditions on the Activity of the Catalyst for Oxidative Chlorination of Ethylene

2005

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“…В [1] описана взаємодія оксиду сурми з хлоровмісними органічними сполуками в композиціях з поліолефінами, але не наведені дані щодо взаємодії з ПВХ композиціями. Нами у [2] описано вплив модифікації діоксиду кремнію на горючість, термостабільність і димоутворення ПВХ, а в [3] -властивості ПВХ матеріалів у присутності різних наповнювачів. Але отриманих додаткових даних [4] було недостатньо, щоб описати механізм взаємодії промислових антипіренів на основі Sb2O3 в полімерних ПВХ композиціях для лінолеуму.…”

Section: вступunclassified

INVESTIGATION OF THE PROPERTIES OF PVC COMPOSITIONS AND THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF INDUSTRIAL FLAME RETARDANTS BASED ON Sb2O3

Kurta¹,

REGA²,

YAREMCHUK³

et al. 2022

Proc. Shevchenko Sci. Soc. Chem. Sci.

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In the article, with the help of IR-spectroscopy, DTA-analysis and diffractometric X-ray luminescence analysis, our studies of the composition and flame-retardant properties of industrial complex flame retardants of unknown composition based on antimony oxides were carried out, and a new mechanism of their flame-retardant and stabilizing action was proposed based on the determined composition of industrial flame retardants , which include antimony oxides and calcium carbonate identified by us.. In the work, experimental studies were carried out and qualitative IR spectral analysis and quantitative calculation of IR curves based on the results of the study of industrial samples of flame retardants based on Sb2O3 were performed. Based on the analysis of the IR spectrum, new organic substances were identified in the Sb2O3 samples. Additional thermal decomposition of all samples by DTA analysis for all samples of Sb2O3 flame retardants begins to lose volatile substances and moisture at 50–80°C, while losses at 500–530°C can reach from 1.97% to 3.7% for 4 samples. Your flame retardant samples, based on X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, on a diffractometer, as it was determined, consist of two phases, two inorganic components, namely antimony trioxide – Sb2O3 and an additional component of microcrystalline calcium carbonate – CaCO3 with impurities of organic substances, in appropriate quantities . The work proposed an improved chemistry and reaction mechanism of stabilization and flame retardant action of complex flame retardant for PVC-linoleum compositions, in a large temperature range from 80°C to 1000°C

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“…The work [1] describes the interaction of stibium (III) oxide with chlorine-containing organic compounds in polyolefinbased compositions, however no data on their interaction with PVC compositions is currently available. In our previous studies, the effect of silicon dioxide modification on flammability, thermal stability, smoke formation of PVC [2] as well as the properties of PVC [3] materials in the presence of various fillers [4] were studied. The obtained data [5] was however not enough to describe the interaction mechanism of industrial flame retardants based on Sb 2 O 3 [6] in polymer PVC linoleum compositions [7].…”

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Wpływ dodatków uniepalniających na bazie Sb2O3 na palność PVC

Kurta,

Shevchenko А.,

Khatsevich

et al. 2023

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Zbadano handlowe dodatki uniepalniające na bazie Sb2O3. Wykazują one działanie akceptorowe, termostabilizujące i uniepalniające na linoleum z PVC. Na podstawie spektroskopii IR, analizy DTA, dyfrakcji oraz analizy fluorescencji rentgenowskiej stwierdzono, że jedna z próbek zawiera 100% Sb2O3, natomiast pozostałe zawierają mikrokrystaliczny CaCO3 (50-95%) oraz inne związki np. chloroorganiczne i węglowodory. Mechanizm uniepalniania linoleum z PVC polega na synergicznym działaniu Sb2O3 i CaСО3 poprzez wiązanie gazowego chlorowodoru powstającego podczas spalania i rozkładu termicznego PVC.

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The synthesis and properties of filled polyvinyl chloride

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Influence of Regeneration Conditions on the Activity of the Catalyst for Oxidative Chlorination of Ethylene

Influence of Regeneration Conditions on the Activity of the Catalyst for Oxidative Chlorination of Ethylene

INVESTIGATION OF THE PROPERTIES OF PVC COMPOSITIONS AND THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF INDUSTRIAL FLAME RETARDANTS BASED ON Sb2O3

Wpływ dodatków uniepalniających na bazie Sb2O3 na palność PVC

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