The synthesis of alternating donor–acceptor polymers based on pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone and thiophene derivatives, their composites with carbon, and their lithium storage performances as anode materials

Guo, Xin; Yuan, Qing; Li, Chunxia; Du, Haiyan; Liu, Lixia; Li, Yun‐Wu; Xie, Yu; Vaidya, Vijay

doi:10.1039/d1ra00794g

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Particularly, small carbonyl compounds are readily soluble, leading to poor cycling stability 12–16 . In response to this issue, many methods have been explored, including molecular structure optimization, 17,18 molecular polymerization, 19–23 lithium salt formation, 24–26 and carbon materials composite, and so forth 27–29 . Given their potential practical application with less environmental pollution and possible reusability, it is imperative to design eco‐friendly organic materials with high theoretical capacity, suitable structural stability, and reasonable energy density 30–33 …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[12][13][14][15][16] In response to this issue, many methods have been explored, including molecular structure optimization, 17,18 molecular polymerization, [19][20][21][22][23] lithium salt formation, [24][25][26] and carbon materials composite, and so forth. [27][28][29] Given their potential practical application with less environmental pollution and possible reusability, it is imperative to design eco-friendly organic materials with high theoretical capacity, suitable structural stability, and reasonable energy density. [30][31][32][33] As typical conjugated carbonyl compounds, Calix[n] quinones (C[n]Qs, n = 4, 6, Figure 1A) composed of several p-benzoquinone units connected by methylene groups have been developed as the promising cathode materials in rechargeable batteries.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Calix[8]quinone: A new promising macrocyclic molecule as an efficient organic cathode in lithium ion batteries with a highly‐concentrated electrolyte

Huang

Liu

et al. 2022

EcoMat

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Organic cathode materials have potential applications in rechargeable batteries due to their several advantages such as high specific capacity, flexible designability, plentiful raw materials, environmental friendliness, and renewability. However, their high solubility in organic electrolytes strongly impedes the further research progress. Thus, it is highly desirable to develop some new strategies to address this issue. Herein, we report one method to address this dissolution issue by increasing molecular weight without reducing theoretical capacity, where a novel Calix[8]quinone (C8Q) with 8 p-benzoquinone units connected by methylene groups was designed and prepared in a good yield (total: 23%). C8Q exhibits higher cycle stability (268 mAh g À1 ) in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) compared to the same series of substances Calix[4]quinone (C4Q, 30 mAh g À1 ) and Calix[6]quinone (C6Q, 207 mAh g À1 ) after 100 cycles at 0.2 C. Moreover, C8Q shows better electrochemical performance in 4.2 M LiTFSI-AN highly-concentrated electrolyte with special aggregate structure configured with high-dissociation salt LiTFSI and low-viscosity solvent acetonitrile (AN), namely, C8Q possesses high capacity (340 mAh g À1 after 100 cycles at 0.2 C), superior rate ability (440 mAh g À1 at 0.1 C and 167 mAh g À1 at 5 C), and ultra-long cycle life (220 mAh g À1 after 1000 cycles at 0.5 C). This work could provide a promising strategy to address the dissolution issue of organic electrode materials in organic electrolyte.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Calix[8]quinone: A new promising macrocyclic molecule as an efficient organic cathode in lithium ion batteries with a highly‐concentrated electrolyte

Huang

Liu

et al. 2022

EcoMat

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“…The specific surface areas of Vulcan XC-72 carbon and PTT-O@ are 173.0722 m 2 /g and 71.0110 m 2 /g, respectively. Apparently, the coating of the PTT-O polymer on the carbon powder lead to the decrease of the specific area of the carbon powder, which might due to the coverage of a portion of its original pore structures of the carbon powder UV-Vis absorption [24].…”

Section: Materials Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Synthesis of a Covalent Organic Framework from Thiophene Armed Triazine and EDOT and Its Application as Anode Material in Lithium-Ion Battery

et al. 2021

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As a class of redox active materials with some preferable properties, including rigid structure, insoluble characters, and large amounts of nitrogen atoms, covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) have been frequently adopted as electrode materials in Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, a triazine-based covalent organic framework employing 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) as the bridging unit is synthesized by the presence of carbon powder through Stille coupling reaction. The carbon powder was added in an in-situ manner to overcome the low intrinsic conductivity of the polymer, which led to the formation of the polymer@C composite (PTT-O@C, PTT-O is a type of CTFs). The composite material is then employed in LIBs as anode material. The designed polymer shows a narrow band gap of 1.84 eV, proving the effectiveness of the nitrogen-enriched triazine unit in reducing the band gap of the resultant polymers. The CV results showed that the redox potential of the composite (vs. Li/Li+) is around 1.0 V, which makes it suitable to be used as the anode material in lithium-ion batteries. The composite material could exhibit the stable specific capacity of 645 mAh/g at 100 mA/g and 435 mAh/g at 500 mA/g, respectively, much higher than the pure carbon materials, indicating the good reversibility of the material. This work provides some additional information on electrochemical performance of the triazine and EDOT based CTFs, which is helpful for developing a deep understanding of the structure–performance correlations of the CTFs as anode materials.

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“…Sodium 2,5‐thiophenedicarboxylate anode material for sodium‐ion batteries exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, maintaining a specific discharge capacity of 334 mAh g −1 for 200 cycles at a current density of 50 mA g −1 [31] . At the same time, polythiophenes and their derivatives have been extensively studied as cathode and anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries [32–35] . There is no comparative study on the electrochemical performance of lithium salts of polythiophene and their small‐molecule lithium salts as electrode materials for lithium‐ion batteries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[31] At the same time, polythiophenes and their derivatives have been extensively studied as cathode and anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. [32][33][34][35] There is no comparative study on the electrochemical performance of lithium salts of polythiophene and their small-molecule lithium salts as electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Herein, we intend to compare the electrochemical performance of poly(3-carboxylithium thiophene) (P3-TCOOLi) with a lithium carboxylate side group and its monomer lithium salt 3-TCOOLi.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Polythiophene Material Featuring a Conjugated Carbonyl Side Group as an Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Chen

Zhou

et al. 2022

ChemistrySelect

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Converting small organic molecules to their lithium salts or polymerization effectively solves the capacity fading caused by the dissolution of small organic molecules in electrolytes. While polymer lithium salts have the characteristics of small molecular lithium salts and polymers and can obtain good cycle stability and rate performance. The 3‐carboxylithium substituted thiophene (3‐TCOOLi) and polymer (P3‐TCOOLi) anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries were synthesized, and their electrochemical properties were compared. Compared with the small‐molecule lithium salt 3‐TCOOLi electrode, the polymer P3‐TCOOLi electrode exhibits superior cycling and rate performance. The P3‐TCOOLi electrode still has a specific capacity of 390 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 50 mA g−1. During the rate charge and discharge process, when the current density increased to 1000 mA g−1, the specific capacity was 305 mAh g−1. It shows that the idea of small molecule lithium salt polymerization is feasible.

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The synthesis of alternating donor–acceptor polymers based on pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone and thiophene derivatives, their composites with carbon, and their lithium storage performances as anode materials

Abstract: The preparation procedure and cycling performance of the two polymer composites.

Cited by 16 publications

References 44 publications

Calix[8]quinone: A new promising macrocyclic molecule as an efficient organic cathode in lithium ion batteries with a highly‐concentrated electrolyte

Calix[8]quinone: A new promising macrocyclic molecule as an efficient organic cathode in lithium ion batteries with a highly‐concentrated electrolyte

The Synthesis of a Covalent Organic Framework from Thiophene Armed Triazine and EDOT and Its Application as Anode Material in Lithium-Ion Battery

A Polythiophene Material Featuring a Conjugated Carbonyl Side Group as an Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

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