The Synthesis of B Vitamins in the Horse

Carroll, F. D.; Goss, Harold; Howell, C. E.

doi:10.2527/jas1949.82290x

Cited by 37 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Therefore, the NR and NaR quantified in this study may be the products of microbial synthesis from the conversion of a portion of the administered NA that may have escaped absorption in the small intestine. It has been suggested that leakage of contents from the caecum into the small intestine provides microbially produced NA for absorption (Caroll et al 1949), indicating that a portion of the baseline amounts of NAD + precursors detected in serum and urine may have been derived from gut microbes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biosynthesis of water‐soluble vitamins, including niacin, by hindgut microbiota is presumed to meet the requirement for niacin when dietary niacin is lacking (Frape, 2004). Previously, niacin content in the duodenum and ileum of horses was measured at concentrations much higher than those administered in the diet and even more so in the caecum and large and small colon (Carroll et al, 1949). Meanwhile, horses in which niacin was removed from the diet showed no change in growth (Pearson et al, 1944), suggesting that bacterial synthesis of niacin in the hindgut is sufficient to meet dietary requirements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Nicotinic acid supplementation at a supraphysiological dose increases the bioavailability of NAD⁺ precursors in mares

Pollard

Gibb

Swegen

et al. 2021

Animal Physiology Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

NAD+ deficiency has recently been linked with increased occurrences of congenital abnormalities and embryonic death in human and animal subjects. Early embryonic death is a major component of pregnancy loss in mares and very little is known regarding the requirement for NAD+ in horses. The aim of this study was to quantify NAD+ and its metabolites in the plasma and urine of mares after orally administering an acute dose of nicotinic acid and determine the absorption, metabolism and excretion of this essential precursor for NAD+ biosynthesis. Nicotinic acid (5 g per os) was administered to four mares via a dosing syringe. Blood samples were collected at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 22 h, and urine samples were collected at 0, 3, 6 and 22 h. The samples were processed and analysed by mass spectrometry. A general additive model was applied to all metabolite concentration values followed by a post‐hoc multiple comparisons test. Nicotinic acid was rapidly absorbed into peripheral blood within 15 min of administration and the concentrations of nicotinic acid, nicotinamide (NAM), nicotinuric acid, nicotinic acid mononucleotide and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide (NaAD) increased significantly in plasma at 30 min. The concentrations of NAM, nicotinic acid riboside and NaAD increased significantly in urine at 3 h. The levels of NAM and NaAD remained significantly elevated in plasma at 22 h, sixfold and ninefold greater, respectively, than the basal levels at 0 h. While the extracellular levels of NAD+ in the samples remained undetected, the large, sustained elevation of NaAD levels in plasma indicates that the NAD+ levels were boosted within the cellular compartments. The results show that nicotinic acid supplementation increases the bioavailability of NAD+ precursors in mares, which is proposed to be beneficial during periods of peak NAD+ demand, such as during early embryo development.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotinic acid supplementation at a supraphysiological dose increases the bioavailability of NAD⁺ precursors in mares

Pollard

Gibb

Swegen

et al. 2021

Animal Physiology Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Niacin is synthesised in the liver from tryptophan [25] and by intestinal microbes [26,27]. Niacin is synthesised in the liver from tryptophan [25] and by intestinal microbes [26,27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are few published data on niacin biology in the horse. Niacin is synthesised in the liver from tryptophan [25] and by intestinal microbes [26,27]. Niacin deficiency has not been reported in the horse; there are no national research council recommendations for dietary requirements for niacin in horses [28] and there are no published reference ranges for indices of niacin status in the horse.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurodegeneration in equine grass sickness is not attributable to niacin deficiency

McGorum

Jago

Cillán‐García

et al. 2016

Equine Veterinary Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…At the time of our digestion trial, midway through the study, the horses were still relatively unfit and thus, in heavy exercise. It is possible that they became thiamin deficient, and thus would have a depressed appetite, as this is a common result of thiamin deficiency (Carroll et al., 1949). Dynamic Trio 50/50 possibly contained more thiamin and other B vitamins than the placebo, and the BP horses likely were able to overcome the deficiency, thus stimulating their appetite.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bee pollen product supplementation to horses in training seems to improve feed intake: a pilot study

Turner

Nielsen

O'connor

et al. 2006

Animal Physiology Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of supplementation of Dynamic Trio 50/50, a bee pollen-based product, to improve physical fitness, blood leukocyte profiles, and nutritional variables in exercised horses. Ten Arabian horses underwent a standardised exercise test (SET), then were pair-matched by sex and fitness and randomly assigned to BP (receiving 118 g of Dynamic Trio 50/50 daily) or CO (receiving 73 g of a placebo) for a period of 42 days. A total collection was conducted from days 18 to 21 on six geldings to determine nutrient retention and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) digestibility. Horses were exercise conditioned and completed another SET on day 42. V160 and V200 were calculated from SET heart rates (HR). Lactate, glucose, haematocrit (HT) and haemoglobin (HB) concentrations were determined from SET blood samples. Total leukocyte count, and circulating numbers of various leukocytes and IgG, IgM and IgA concentrations were determined in rest and recovery blood samples from both SETs. Geldings on BP (n = 3) ate more feed than CO. BP had less phosphorus excretion, and tended to retain more nitrogen. BP tended to digest more NDF and ADF while having lower NDF digestibility and tending to have lower ADF digestibility. No treatment differences existed for V160 and V200, HR, lactate, HT and HB. There was a trend for lymphocyte counts to be lower in BP than CO on day 42. Dynamic Trio 50/50 supplementation may have a positive effect on performance by helping horses in training meet their potentially increased nutrient demands by increasing feed intake and thus nutrient retention.

show abstract

The Synthesis of B Vitamins in the Horse

Cited by 37 publications

References 7 publications

Nicotinic acid supplementation at a supraphysiological dose increases the bioavailability of NAD⁺ precursors in mares

Nicotinic acid supplementation at a supraphysiological dose increases the bioavailability of NAD⁺ precursors in mares

Neurodegeneration in equine grass sickness is not attributable to niacin deficiency

Bee pollen product supplementation to horses in training seems to improve feed intake: a pilot study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

The Synthesis of B Vitamins in the Horse

Cited by 37 publications

References 7 publications

Nicotinic acid supplementation at a supraphysiological dose increases the bioavailability of NAD+ precursors in mares

Nicotinic acid supplementation at a supraphysiological dose increases the bioavailability of NAD+ precursors in mares

Neurodegeneration in equine grass sickness is not attributable to niacin deficiency

Bee pollen product supplementation to horses in training seems to improve feed intake: a pilot study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Nicotinic acid supplementation at a supraphysiological dose increases the bioavailability of NAD⁺ precursors in mares

Nicotinic acid supplementation at a supraphysiological dose increases the bioavailability of NAD⁺ precursors in mares