The synthesis of hydrophobic 1-alkyl-1H,1′H-2,2′-bibenzo[d]imidazoles

Abstract

New synthesis of 1-alkyl-1H,1′H-2,2′- bibenzo[d]imidazoles 3 by alkylation of a disodium derivative of 1H,1′H-2,2′-bibenzo[d]imidazole 2a with alkyl halides is proposed. It is noteworthy that 1,1′-dialkylated byproducts 4 are formed in yields of <5%. The structure of all obtained compounds has been confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS or elemental analysis.

Acid-Catalyzed Rearrangement of 3-Cyanoquinoxalin-2(1H)-ones When Exposed to 1,2-Diaminobenzenes: Synthesis of 2,2′-Bibenzimidazoles

“…Substituted BBIs exhibit anticancer and antiviral properties and may form complexes with metal ions, including Co, Zn, Ni, Cd, Ru, and Ir and as such are used for the recovery of metals from aqueous solutions, mainly in chloride systems and as a selective receptor for iodide . The most common methods for the synthesis of 2,2′-BBI are based on the reactions of 1,2-diaminobenzene (1,2-DAB) with oxalic acid, , oxamide (Figure a), hexachloroacetone (Figure b), methyl 2,2,2-trichloroacetimidate (Figure c), quinoxaline-2,3-(1 H ,4 H )-diones (Figure d), 2-trihalogenomethylbenzimidazoles, and benzimidazole-2-carbaldehyde (Figure e). The main disadvantages of these methods are harsh reaction conditions, − ,,, prolonged reaction times, ,,,,, unsatisfactory yields, ,, and high cost of substrates .…”