The synthesis of new donor–acceptor polymers containing the 2,3-di(2-furyl) quinoxaline moiety: Fast-switching, low-band-gap, p- and n-dopable, neutral green-colored materials

Synthesis, characterizations, and electrochromic properties of donor–acceptor type polymers containing 2, 1, 3‐benzothiadiazole and different thiophene donors

“…In a solution of glacial acetic acid and chloroform, 4,7‐bis(4‐hexylthiophen‐2‐yl)‐ benzo‐[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole was added and stirred for 24 h without light exposure to give 4,7‐Bis(5‐bromo‐4‐hexylthiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[c] [1,2,5]thiadiazole (M0). Finally, the last product M0 was reacted with excess tributylstannane of different thiophenes to yield the target monomer Th‐HT‐Tz (M1), EDOT‐HT‐Tz (M2) and BTh‐HT‐Tz (M3) via Stille coupling in the presence of Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 as the catalyst and toluene as the solvent . Scheme presents the chemical structure of the target synthesized monomers.…”

“…Electrochromism are defined as the reversible change of color or transmittance originating from oxidation and reduction of electrochromic materials upon an applied external voltage . Compared with their inorganic counterparts, electrochromic conducting polymers (ECPs) have drawn more and more attentions because of their numerous advantages such as easy tuning of color with chemical structural modifications, high contrast ratio, fast response time, and long‐term stability …”

“…[1][2][3] Compared with their inorganic counterparts, electrochromic conducting polymers (ECPs) have drawn more and more attentions because of their numerous advantages such as easy tuning of color with chemical structural modifications, high contrast ratio, fast response time, and long-term stability. [4][5][6][7] Among ECPs, donor-acceptor (D-A) polymers containing alternating electron-rich and electron-deficient moieties along the conjugated backbone have been found to offer access to dual-band and broad absorption with electrochromic properties. [8][9][10] Controlling the structure or composition of donor and acceptor units can concisely tune the location of short-wavelength absorption band and long-wavelength counterpart of the ECPs, and a wide range of neutral state red, blue, green and even black ECPs have been prepared through the D-A approach.…”

Synthetic Methodologies for Chelating Polymer Ligands: Recent Advances and Future Development

“…It is of interest to prepare donor‐acceptor π‐conjugated polymers with a 2,3‐di(2‐furyl) quinoxaline chelating fragment: poly[2,3‐di(2‐furyl)‐5,8‐bis(2‐(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)) quinoxaline], poly[2,3‐di(2‐furyl)‐5,8‐bis(2‐thienyl) quinoxaline] and poly[2,3‐di(2‐furyl)‐5,8‐bis(2‐(3‐methoxythiophene)) quinoxaline] . In another interesting example, pyrido[3,4‐b]pyrazine was chosen as the acceptor unit in four donor‐acceptor type conducting polymers, namely poly(2,3‐bis(4‐decyloxy)phenyl)‐5,8‐bis(4‐thiophen‐2‐yl)pyrido[4,3‐b]pyrazine), poly(2,3‐bis(4‐decyloxy)phenyl)‐5,8‐bis(4‐butylthiophen‐2‐yl)pyrido[4,3‐b]pyrazine), poly(2,3‐bis(4‐(decyloxy)phenyl)‐5,8‐bis(4‐hexyloxythiophen‐2‐yl)pyrido[4,3‐b]pyrazine) and poly(2,3‐bis(4‐(decyloxy)phenyl)‐5,8‐bis(2,3‐dihydrothieno[3,4‐b][1,4]dioxin‐7‐yl)pyrido[4,3‐b]pyrazine) …”

Synthesis and characterization of novel donor–acceptor type neutral green electrochromic polymers containing an indolo[3,2-b]carbazole donor and diketopyrrolopyrrole acceptor

“…Various neutral green D-A type polymers previously reported primarily employ thiophene derivatives, especially 3,4-ethoxylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) and 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene (ProDOT) as the donors, which causes the diversity of polymer species depends on changes in acceptors. [16][17][18][19]25,29 So actively exploring new kind of donors can be considered as an effectual way to expand green electrochromic polymers. Indolo [3,2-b] carbazole (IC), as an important class of donor unit containing electron-rich indole and carbazole groups, has notable planar and rigid conjugate structures similar with pentacene, which could facilitate charge carrier effectively and result in high hole transporting ability for its corresponding polymers.…”