The Synthesis of Porous Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ for Sodium‐Ion Storage

Abstract

Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 (NVP) has been regarded as a potential cathode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to its excellent structural stability and rapid Na + conductivity. However, its electrochemical performances are restricted by the large bulk structure and poor electronic conductivity. The construction of porous NVP materials is a powerful method to improve the electrochemical properties. This concept aims to provide an overview of recent progress of porous NVP materials for SIBs. Herein, the synthetic strategies and formation mechanisms of porous NVP materials as well as the relationship between the porous structures and electrochemical performances of NVP materials are reviewed. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects for the preparation of porous NVP materials in this field are outlined.

Critical review of the recent progress and challenges of polyanion Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode materials in rechargeable sodium-ion batteries

“…62,63 In the past few years, sporadic reviews have been published, focusing on insights into NVP cathode materials. 14,[64][65][66][67] However, a critical and deep investigation of the limitations, different synthesis parameters, modication strategies, and their effect on the electrochemical performance of NVP is still lacking. Thus, this review presents a summary of the recent progress on NVP materials for use in SIBs, their different synthetic methods together with formation mechanisms, and deep investigation on the various modication approaches (structural modication/tailoring, carbon coating, foreign ion substitution, etc.).…”

Reversible Multi‐Electron Reaction Mechanism of Sodium Vanadium/Manganese Phosphate Cathode for Enhanced Na‐Storage Capability

“…Among those materials, NASICON-type Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 compound is widely regarded as a potential cathode material for sodium-ion batteries owing to robust structural framework and high electrochemical activity. [18][19][20][21] During charge/discharge, it undergoes a reversible two-electron reaction mechanism based on the V 4 + /V 3 + couple, showing a theoretical capacity of 117 mAh g À 1 and a working potential of 3.4 V (vs Na + /Na). Previous work revealed that carbon-coated Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /C materials could achieve outstanding cycling performance and high-rate capability.…”

“…Kinds of transition‐metal oxides, [1–4] Prussian‐blue framework, [5–7] polyanionic compounds, [8–14] and carbonyl organics [15–17] have been investigated as functional electrode materials for fabricating high‐performance sodium‐ion batteries. Among those materials, NASICON‐type Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 compound is widely regarded as a potential cathode material for sodium‐ion batteries owing to robust structural framework and high electrochemical activity [18–21] . During charge/discharge, it undergoes a reversible two‐electron reaction mechanism based on the V 4+ /V 3+ couple, showing a theoretical capacity of 117 mAh g −1 and a working potential of 3.4 V ( vs Na + /Na).…”