The Synthesis of Some 4,4'-Disubstituted 2,2'-Bipyridines¹

Synthesis of the Novel 4,4’- and 6,6’- Dihydroxamic - 2,2’-Bipyridines and Improved Routes to 4,4’- and 6,6’- Substituted 2,2’-Bipyridines and Mono-N-Oxide-2,2’-Bipyridine

“…The 4,4'-dinitro-2,2'-bipyridine-N,N'-dioxide (III) is another very important precursor to several bipyridine derivatives 14,15 . III is usually synthesized in low to moderate yields (≅ 45%), but the nitration of pyridine-N-oxide 16 gives 80-90% yield.…”

Catalytic Conversions in Water. Part 22: Electronic Effects in the (Diimine)palladium(II)‐Catalysed Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols

“…[15] mp 128.5 8C); 4,4'-Dimethoxy-2,2'-bipyridine N,N'-Dioxide [16] Solid 4,4'-dinitro-2,2'-bipyridine N,N'-dioxide (5.4 mmol, 1.5 g) was added to a freshly prepared solution of NaOMe (20 mmol) in dry methanol (60 mL). The yellow suspension was stirred for 3 hours at 30 ± 35 8C and the resulting yellow solution was cooled to 3 8C, before it was neutralised with concentrated sulphuric acid.…”

“…[14,15,16] Variation of the electron density on the diimine ligand changes the redox properties of the catalyst as is indicated by the change in half-wave potentials. [17] Therefore, this variation should provide evidence for whether an oxidation step or a reduction step is ratelimiting.…”

Co-Electrodeposition of Bilirubin Oxidase with Redox Polymer through Ligand Substitution for Use as an Oxygen Reduction Cathode

“…10 The osmium complex, [Os(4,4'-dichloro-2,2'-bipyridine) 2 Cl 2 ] (Os(dCl-bpy) 2 Cl 2 ), and the poly vinylimmidazole (PVI) were separately synthesized following the literature procedures. [11][12][13][14][15][16] The imidazoles of the polymer were then coordinated to the osmium complexes. Some free imidazoles of the PVI-Os redox polymer were quaternized with ethylamine group (-CH2CH2NH3) to give ethylamine-quaternized redox polymer, EA-PVI-[Os(dCl-bpy) 2 Cl] + .…”