The Systematic Status of Rhacophorid Frogs

Li, Jia‐Tang; Rao, Dingqi; Murphy, Robert W.; Zhang, Yaping

doi:10.3724/sp.j.1245.2011.00001

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The geographical range of Rhacophoridae is listed by Frost et al (2006) as follows: Tropical sub-Saharan Africa; South India and Sri Lanka; Japan; northeastern India to eastern China south through the Philippines and Greater Sundas; Sulawesi. Distributional maps can be found in Li et al (2011, fig. 1) and Li et al (2013, fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has never been reported to have been reared from tree frog egg masses. Rhacophorid frogs do not occur in Australia (Tyler 1998), New Guinea or in Solomon Islands (Li et al 2011;Li et al 2013) where C. indica is frequent. There are unconfirmed reports that Caiusa indica is a parasite of Megachile nana bees in India (Kapil & Jain 1980), possibly based on misidentifications.…”

Section: Caiusa Nigronitensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the rhacophorid frog species I have followed the most recent nomenclature explained in Frost (2014), based on very recent phylogenetic analyses (e.g., Frost et al 2006, Grosjean et al 2008, Li et al 2009, Li et al 2011, Li et al 2013, Aowphol et al 2013. This nomenclature differs in a few cases from the traditional names I received from the herpetologists who identified the frogs and who reared the flies.…”

Section: Anicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Feihyla hansenae, like its congeners (see Grosjean et al 2008, Li et al 2009, Li et al 2011, Aowphol et al 2013, Frost 2014, does not produce a foam nest 144). Each egg has an outer membrane surrounding the embryo, but the eggs are not surrounded by a foamy pliable mass.…”

Section: Oviposition On Frog Egg Massesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Revision of the frog fly genus Caiusa Surcouf, 1920 (Diptera, Calliphoridae), with a note on the identity of Plinthomyia emimelania Rondani, 1875

Rognes

2015

Zootaxa

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The Oriental, Australasian and Oceanian genus Caiusa Surcouf, 1920 is revised, species concepts being based on male and female genitalia. A key to males for all known species, and a key to females for all except one are given. All relevant types still in existence have been studied, complete synonymies given and the geographical distribution reconsidered. The eight species included in the genus are: Caiusa borneoensis sp. nov. (Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam); Caiusa coomani Séguy, 1948 (China, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam); Caiusa indica Surcouf, 1920 (Australia, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam); Caiusa karrakerae sp. nov. (Malaysia, Thailand); Caiusa kurahashii sp. nov. (Indonesia, Japan, Philippines); Caiusa pooae sp. nov. (Thailand); Caiusa testacea Senior-White, 1923 (India, Nepal, Sri Lanka) and Caiusa violacea Séguy, 1925, stat. rev. (Cambodia, China, Laos, Malaysia, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam). A lectotype is designated for Caiusa indica to fix the interpretation of the name. Caiusa nigronitens Senior-White, 1923, syn. nov. and Caiusa surcoufi Bezzi, 1927, syn. nov. are established as junior synonyms of Caiusa indica. Caiusa violacea is correctly diagnosed and errors in the original description of the female holotype are pointed out. Caiusa dubiosa Villeneuve, 1927 is established as a junior synonym of C. violacea, syn. nov. Seven Caiusa species have been reared from the egg mass of various species of frogs. The reproductive mode of the eighth species, i.e., C. indica, is unknown. Five species, i.e., C. borneoensis, C. coomani, C. karrakerae, C. kurahashii and C. violacea have been reared from one or more of the foam nesting frog species Chiromantis nongkhorensis (Cochran, 1927), Polypedates leucomystax (Gravenhorst, 1927), Polypedates megacephalus Hallowell, 1861, Rhacophorus annamensis Smith, 1924, Rhacophorus dulitensis Boulenger, 1892, Rhacophorus kio Ohler & Delorme, 2005 and Rhacophorus owstoni (Stejneger, 1907) all belonging in the family Rhacophoridae in Anura. These five Caiusa species all have a specialised ovipositor tip, with small spine-like setae on the ST8 and the hypoproct, probably enabling the flies to oviposit on a foam nest with a hardened outer surface. They form a monophyletic group on account of these features of the ovipositor, unique in the Oestroidea. The sixth species, C. testacea, has been reared from a frog egg mass, the frog species being unknown. Its ovipositor structure is also unknown. The seventh species, C. pooae, has been reared once from the jelly-like egg mass of Feihyla hansenae (Cochran, 1927), also in Rhacophoridae. Caiusa pooae females do not have spine-like setae on the ovipositor, a fact correlated with the soft outer surface of the jelly-like egg mass on which a C. pooae female had oviposited. The extreme rarity of C. pooae oviposition on Feihyla hansenae egg masses may indicate that this fly perhaps has another, unknown, regular oviposition substrate. Caiusa pooae and C. indica make up a second monophyletic group within Caiusa. Caiusa indica, the most common and most widespread species of the genus, has an ovipositor structure similar to C. pooae. Its breeding substrate is unknown and it occurs both within and outside the distributional area of Rhacophoridae. Possibly both C. indica and C. pooae share a regular oviposition substrate that has still to be discovered. The holotype female of Plinthomyia emimelania Rondani, 1875 from Sarawak is established as a member of the genus Bengalia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, thus Plinthomyia Rondani, 1875 becomes a junior synonym of Bengalia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, syn. nov. It is removed from the synonymy of Phumosia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Caiusa Nigronitensmentioning

confidence: 99%