The systemic effects of the enriched environment on the conditioned fear reaction

Grigoryan, Grigory A.

doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1227575

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 113 publications

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“…In contrast, LPS prevented the beneficial effects of EE on anxiety in females and on conditioned fear in both sexes ( 185 ). The systemic effects of EE on conditioned fear reactions have been reviewed ( 187 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interstitial cystitis—an imbalance of risk and protective factors?

Westropp,

Stella,

Buffington

2024

Front. Pain Res.

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Interstitial cystitis (IC) presents as a chronic pain condition with variable combinations of symptoms depending on the species and individual patient. It is diagnosed by the presence of lower urinary tract signs and symptoms in combination with a variety of comorbid health problems, a history of life adversities, and the absence of other conditions that could cause the lower urinary tract signs. IC occurs naturally in humans and cats as a dimensional condition, with patients presenting with mild, moderate, and severe symptoms. Most patients appear to recover without specific treatment. A number of rodent models of IC have been used to study its causes and treatments. Unfortunately, current therapies generally fail to ameliorate IC symptoms long-term. The recent classification of IC as a chronic primary pain disorder calls for a rethinking of current clinical and research approaches to it. Beginning when a patient encounters a clinician, precipitating, perpetuating, and palliating risk factors can be addressed until a cause or reliably effective therapy is identified, and identifying predisposing and preventive factors can inform epidemiological studies and health promotion interventions. Predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating risk factors, including environmental, psychological, and biological, increase the activity of the central threat response system (CTRS), which plays a clinically important role in IC symptoms. Studies in cats and rodent models have revealed that environmental enrichment (EE), in the absence of bladder-directed therapies, leads to amelioration of IC symptoms, implying a central role for the CTRS in symptom precipitation and perpetuation. Conceptually moving the source of IC pain to the brain as a motivational state rather than one resulting from peripheral nociceptive input offers both clinicians and researchers novel opportunities to improve care for patients with IC and for researchers to use more ecologically valid rodent models. It may even be that IC results from an excess of risk to protective factors, making this imbalance a targetable cause rather than a consequence of IC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interstitial cystitis—an imbalance of risk and protective factors?

Westropp,

Stella,

Buffington

2024

Front. Pain Res.

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The influence of enriched environment on learning and memory in the Morris water maze in rats with acute and chronic pro-inflammatory stress

Zaichenko,

Sidorina,

Grigoryan

2024

Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatelnosti Imeni I.P. Pavlova

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It is known that housing in an enriched environment (EE) prevents the development of anxiety-depressive disorders and cognitive impairment caused by various stresses. In a very limited number of studies on learning and memory in the Morris water maze, pro-inflammatory stress was elicited before the exposure of animals in the EE. In this study, we, for the first time, examined the inverse sequence of interaction between EE and stress; in the first place was the action of the EE, while on the second place – the influence of stress. 40 rats aged 25 to 45 days were placed in the EE and 40 other rats were kept under standard conditions. Pro-inflammatory stress in rats of both groups was induced by injection of a bacterial toxin, lipopolysaccharide LPS, once (acute stress, 350 μg/kg) and repeatedly (chronic, 200 μg/kg) 1 hour before the start of behavioral experiments and during their performance. Control animals were injected with saline at the same volume. Rats of the EE group found the platform faster and swam a shorter distance to it than rats of the standard group. Improvements in behavioral parameters were observed in animals with acute and chronic LPS stress, and in control rats. It should also be noted that the dynamics of learning and the features of the long-term and working memory in rats with acute and chronic LPS were similar, which points to a similar effect of EE on functional changes in the brain activity of rats, regardless of the nature of the subsequent stress. The results obtained indicate the important role of EE in beneficially influencing the behavior of rats when searching for a safe platform.

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The significance of P.V. Simonov’s “need-information theory of emotions” in the development of modern neurobiology of behavior

Balaban,

Grigoryan

2024

Uspehi fiziologičeskih nauk

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The current paper shows the importance of the need-information theory of P.V. Simonov in the development of modern neurobiology of behavior. The essence of the theory and the underlying fundamental principles of the organization of behavior-environmental uncertainty, probabilistic predictions of reinforcement are briefly described. The first section reviews the current data on the important role of uncertain environments and probabilistic predictions in organization of behavior. Attention is drawn to the reinforcement prediction error and its significance in the organization of both social and individual behavior, as well as its role in the consolidation and reconsolidation of memory. The second section shows the influence of need-information theory on the development of the theoretical and experimental basis of individual differences, with a scheme presented for explaining such differences based on the fundamental principles of theory. The next section examines the role of need-information theory in understanding the mechanisms of decision-making under risk conditions, and the importance of the theory as a conceptual basis for the new developing field of science – neuroeconomics. And finally, the 4th section considers in detail the model of emotional resonance (contagion) proposed by P. Simonov, and modern views on social behavior, in general, and the altruistic and selfish behavior of rodents, in particular.

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The systemic effects of the enriched environment on the conditioned fear reaction

Cited by 4 publications

References 113 publications

Interstitial cystitis—an imbalance of risk and protective factors?

Interstitial cystitis—an imbalance of risk and protective factors?

The influence of enriched environment on learning and memory in the Morris water maze in rats with acute and chronic pro-inflammatory stress

The significance of P.V. Simonov’s “need-information theory of emotions” in the development of modern neurobiology of behavior

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