The Oberwolfach Problem OP (F ), posed by Gerhard Ringel in 1967, is a paradigmatic Combinatorial Design problem asking whether the complete graph K v decomposes into edge disjoint copies of a 2-regular graph F of order v. In Combinatorial Design Theory, so-called difference methods represent a well-known solution technique and construct solutions in infinitely many cases exploiting symmetric and balanced structures. This approach reduces the problem to finding a well-structured 2-factor which allows us to build solutions that we call 1-or 2-rotational according to their symmetries. We tackle OP by modeling difference methods with Optimization tools, specifically Constraint Programming (CP ) and Integer Programming (IP ), and correspondingly solve instances with up to v = 120 within 60s. In particular, we model the 2-rotational method by solving in cascade two subproblems, namely the binary and group labeling, respectively. A polynomial-time algorithm solves the binary labeling, while CP tackles the group labeling. Furthermore, we provide necessary conditions for the existence of some 1rotational solutions which stem from computational results. This paper shows thereby that both theoretical and empirical results may arise from the interaction between Combinatorial Design Theory and Operation Re- * Corresponding author.