“… Zhang et al (2022) find that during the COVID-19 pandemic, the return and volatility spillovers from epidemic-related news to the crude oil and gold markets are different in both time and frequency. Maghyereh and Abdoh (2020) argue that the inter-dependence between sentiment and commodity, including crude oil and gold, differs according to time and frequency. Besides, time-frequency dependence has been demonstrated to exist between crude oil and gold markets ( Hu et al, 2020 ; Hung and Vo, 2021 ; Li et al, 2021 ; Ding et al, 2021 ), between investor attention and crude oil markets ( Abdelhedi and Boujebene-Abbes, 2020 ; Chen et al, 2022 ), as well as between investor attention and gold markets ( Su and Li, 2020 ; Zhang et al, 2022 ).…”