The tardigrade damage suppressor protein binds to nucleosomes and protects DNA from hydroxyl radicals

Chavez, Carolina Varela; Cruz‐Becerra, Grisel; Fei, Jia; Kassavetis, George A.; Kadonaga, James T.

doi:10.7554/elife.47682

Cited by 90 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In these cells, loss of HMGNs increased the extent of G2-M checkpoint arrest and apoptosis [64]. An additional possible link between DNA damage and HMGN proteins is shown by a recent finding that the damage repressor protein Dsup of tardigrade Ramazzottius varieornatus, which binds to DNA and protects from hydroxy free radicals, exhibits sequence similarity with HMGN proteins [65].…”

Section: Cancermentioning

confidence: 98%

Biological Functions of HMGN Chromosomal Proteins

Nanduri

Furusawa

Bustin

2020

IJMS

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Chromatin plays a key role in regulating gene expression programs necessary for the orderly progress of development and for preventing changes in cell identity that can lead to disease. The high mobility group N (HMGN) is a family of nucleosome binding proteins that preferentially binds to chromatin regulatory sites including enhancers and promoters. HMGN proteins are ubiquitously expressed in all vertebrate cells potentially affecting chromatin function and epigenetic regulation in multiple cell types. Here, we review studies aimed at elucidating the biological function of HMGN proteins, focusing on their possible role in vertebrate development and the etiology of disease. The data indicate that changes in HMGN levels lead to cell type-specific phenotypes, suggesting that HMGN optimize epigenetic processes necessary for maintaining cell identity and for proper execution of specific cellular functions. This manuscript contains tables that can be used as a comprehensive resource for all the English written manuscripts describing research aimed at elucidating the biological function of the HMGN protein family.

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Section: Cancermentioning

confidence: 98%

Biological Functions of HMGN Chromosomal Proteins

Nanduri

Furusawa

Bustin

2020

IJMS

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“…Components of traditional DNA damage repair pathways have been found to be present in many tardigrade species, and a novel tardigrade protein, Dsup, has been identified that suppresses DNA damage (Hashimoto et al, 2016;Yoshida et al, 2017;Carrero et al, 2019;Kamilari et al, 2019). Dsup binds to DNA and prevents fragmentation in response to X-ray irradiation, H 2 O 2 , and hydroxyl radicals (Hashimoto et al, 2016;Hashimoto and Kunieda, 2017;Chavez et al, 2019). Expression of Dsup in cultured human cells can improve survival of X-ray irradiation and enable subsequent proliferation (Hashimoto et al, 2016).…”

Section: Dna Preservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Desiccation Tolerance: Themes and Variations in Brine Shrimp, Roundworms, and Tardigrades

2020

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Water is critical for the survival of most cells and organisms. Remarkably, a small number of multicellular animals are able to survive nearly complete drying. The phenomenon of anhydrobiosis, or life without water, has been of interest to researchers for over 300 years. In this review we discuss advances in our understanding of protectants and mechanisms of desiccation tolerance that have emerged from research in three anhydrobiotic invertebrates: brine shrimp (Artemia), roundworms (nematodes), and tardigrades (water bears). Discovery of molecular protectants that allow each of these three animals to survive drying diversifies our understanding of desiccation tolerance, and convergent themes suggest mechanisms that may offer a general model for engineering desiccation tolerance in other contexts.

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“…Importantly, tardigrades show an extraordinary tolerance towards extreme levels of radiation, a tolerance that has been directly linked to their anhydrobiotic capabilities 31 . It was recently shown that the tardigrade damage suppressor protein Dsup, which seemingly can protect human cells from radiation damage, binds to nucleosomes protecting chromosomal DNA from reactive hydroxyl radicals 29,32 . All tardigrades seem to have a comprehensive number of genes encoding proteins involved in antioxidant defense 30 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermotolerance experiments on active and desiccated states of Ramazzottius varieornatus emphasize that tardigrades are sensitive to high temperatures

Neves

Hvidepil

Sørensen-Hygum

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Global warming is already having harmful effects on habitats worldwide and it is therefore important to gain an understanding of how rising temperatures may affect extant animals. Here, we investigate the tolerance to high temperatures of Ramazzottius varieornatus, a tardigrade frequently found in transient freshwater habitats. Using logistic modelling on activity we evaluate the effect of 24 hour temperature exposures on active tardigrades, with or without a short acclimation period, compared to exposures of desiccated tardigrades. We estimate that the 50% mortality temperature for non-acclimated active tardigrades is 37.1 °C, with a small but significant increase to 37.6 °C following acclimation. Desiccated specimens tolerate much higher temperatures, with an estimated 50% mortality temperature of 82.7 °C following 1 hour exposures, but with a significant decrease to 63.1 °C following 24 hour exposures. our results show that metabolically active tardigrades are vulnerable to high temperatures, yet acclimatization could provide a tolerance increase. Desiccated specimens show a much higher resilience-exposure-time is, however, a limiting factor giving tardigrades a restricted window of high temperature tolerance. tardigrades are renowned for their ability to tolerate extreme conditions, but their endurance towards high temperatures clearly has an upper limit-high temperatures thus seem to be their Achilles heel.

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The tardigrade damage suppressor protein binds to nucleosomes and protects DNA from hydroxyl radicals

Cited by 90 publications

References 45 publications

Biological Functions of HMGN Chromosomal Proteins

Biological Functions of HMGN Chromosomal Proteins

Mechanisms of Desiccation Tolerance: Themes and Variations in Brine Shrimp, Roundworms, and Tardigrades

Thermotolerance experiments on active and desiccated states of Ramazzottius varieornatus emphasize that tardigrades are sensitive to high temperatures

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