The taxonomic status, distribution, and morphology of<i>Laminaria cucullata</i>Sensu Jorde and Klavestad

Svendsen, Per; Kain, Joanna M.

doi:10.1080/00364827.1971.10411185

Cited by 42 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Adaptations typically include a proportionally larger holdfast and a thicker and sometimes shorter stipe, which reduces the chance of dislodgement, and smaller, slender and more streamlined blades that reduce the area exposed to the forces of moving water (Gaylord et al 1994, Denny & Gaylord 2002. Morphological adaptations to wave exposure in Laminaria hy per borea differ somewhat from this pattern because the plant tends to become taller and develop a larger biomass of the entire plant (including the blade), thus increasing the exposure to water motion rather than avoiding it (Svendsen & Kain 1971, Sjøtun et al 1998, present study). The reason why canopy plants become larger with increasing wave exposure remains unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Populations of L. hyperborea are poorly developed or absent in areas with low exposure (e.g. inner fjords and sheltered bays) but become more dense and better developed as wave exposure in creases (Kain 1971, Svendsen & Kain 1971. A study by Bekkby et al (2009) confirmed recently that the local distribution of L. hyperborea is positively af fec ted by wave exposure and that wave exposure is almost as important as water depth and substrate type for predicting its presence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…north to south) distribution and growth performance of Laminaria hyperborea (Rinde & Sjøtun 2005), while the local light climate, topography, water depth and sometimes salinity set the overall limits for the vertical and areal distribution of kelp on a regional and local scale (Lüning 1990). Wave exposure also affects the vertical distribution (Kain 1971) and morphology (Svendsen & Kain 1971 of L. hy per borea. Populations of L. hyperborea are poorly developed or absent in areas with low exposure (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of wave exposure on population structure, demography, biomass and productivity of the kelp Laminaria hyperborea

Pedersen¹,

Nejrup²,

Fredriksen³

et al. 2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Patterns of potential recruitment, survival, age-structure, density, biomass and primary production were studied in the kelp Laminaria hyperborea along a wave-exposure gradient in western Norway. The distribution of L. hyperborea is positively related to wave exposure, and the present work aimed to study how demography and population dynamics are affected by wave exposure. Populations at 9 sites representing 3 different levels of wave exposure were investigated. The biomass and production of L. hyperborea doubled along the gradient from low-to high-exposure sites. This increase was caused by an increase in plant density and individual plant size. Recruits and sub-canopy plants made up the majority of all individuals at all sites, but potential recruitment increased more than mortality rate among recruits and young sub-canopy plants as wave exposure increased, leading to a higher density of these small individuals at highexposure sites. Despite their large numbers, recruits and sub-canopy plants were not important for total biomass and production, and variations in those parameters with wave exposure were largely driven by variations in the density and size of adult canopy plants. Canopy plants suffered higher rates of mortality at low wave exposure, leading to shorter longevity and lower density than at high-exposure sites. The density and individual size of canopy plants both increased by ca. 50% with increasing wave exposure, explaining the higher biomass and productivity at highexposure sites. We suggest that the high mortality rate, low density and small size of canopy plants at low-exposure sites is caused by a combination of high epiphytic load and self-shading, which may impair light conditions, affect nutrient uptake and increase drag on the blades during extreme wind events. The reason why plants at high-exposure sites reach a larger individual size remains unknown.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of wave exposure on population structure, demography, biomass and productivity of the kelp Laminaria hyperborea

Pedersen¹,

Nejrup²,

Fredriksen³

et al. 2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…That other factors may be involved in the distribution elsewhere is indicated by the reports of the growth of L. hyperborea f. cucullata in Norwegian fjords which appear to be subject to virtually no water movement (Svendsen & Kain, 1971;Kain, 1971). One such factor, as Kain (1971) points out, is that in these northerly waters competition from Saccorhiza polyschides, which is near its northern limit, is reduced.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frond Structure and Growth in Laminaria Hyperborea

Larkum

1972

J. Mar. Biol. Ass.

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Age, frond weight, frond area, stipe length and other data have been recorded for plants of Laminaria hyperborea growing off the coast of south-west England and southwest Ireland. The ratio of total frond weight to total frond area (unit frond weight) has been found to be related to age, depth, type of community, and water turbulence. Decrease in unit frond weight appears to result from a decrease in the number of cell layers of the frond, which is most marked at the frond tip. At the frond tip differences between the thickest and thinnest fronds may be fivefold or more.It is concluded that water turbulence, particularly wave-action, is an important factor influencing the changes in frond structure. The importance of submarine irradiance as a factor is not clear from the present evidence. An intrinsic factor affecting frond structure may be the age of plants.

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“…Svendsen & Kain 1971, Sjøtun & Fredriksen 1995, Sjøtun et al 1998, Bekkby et al 2009, Pedersen et al 2012. Few have studied the effect of current speed on this species (but see Bekkby et al 2009 and the discussion in Kain 1971b), but such studies exist for other macroalgae species (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Length, strength and water flow: relative importance of wave and current exposure on morphology in kelp Laminaria hyperborea

Bekkby¹,

Rinde²,

Gundersen³

et al. 2014

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Water flow is a strong determinant of kelp growth, but it is also a stress factor causing breakage and dislodgement. As wave exposure and currents differ with respect to flow pattern, the 2 forces are expected to affect kelp morphology differently. We investigated how wave exposure and current speed interact and influence kelp Laminaria hyperborea morphology. We sampled thalli from 27 stations on the Midwest coast of Norway and recorded age, and length-and strength-related characters. We found that high wave exposure and current speed influenced holdfast biomass and stipe thickness. Wave exposure had, overall, a stronger effect than current speed. An increase in current speed seemed to have a considerable effect at low wave exposure levels, but the relationship weakened at high wave exposure levels. The length-related ('go with the flow') characters thallus and stipe length were influenced by wave induced water flow but not by current speed. Differences in wave exposure and current speed had very weak influences on lamina biomass and length. Thus, the proportion of the thallus being lamina was high in the most sheltered areas and decreased as the wave exposure increased. Our study suggests that the strong, orbital and stochastic mode of wave exposure has a different and stronger effect as a stressor than the more regular and bidirectional stress caused by currents.

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The taxonomic status, distribution, and morphology ofLaminaria cucullataSensu Jorde and Klavestad

Cited by 42 publications

References 6 publications

Effects of wave exposure on population structure, demography, biomass and productivity of the kelp Laminaria hyperborea

Effects of wave exposure on population structure, demography, biomass and productivity of the kelp Laminaria hyperborea

Frond Structure and Growth in Laminaria Hyperborea

Length, strength and water flow: relative importance of wave and current exposure on morphology in kelp Laminaria hyperborea

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