The TB REACH Initiative: Supporting TB Elimination Efforts in the Asia-Pacific

Creswell, Jacob; Khan, Amera; Bakker, Mirjam I.; Brouwer, Miranda; Kamineni, Vishnu Vardhan; Mergenthaler, Christina; Smelyanskaya, Marina; Qin, Zhi Zhen; Ramis, Oriol; Stevens, Robert; Reddy, K. Srinivasa; Blok, Lucie

doi:10.3390/tropicalmed5040164

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…When suspicious lesions are found, the detection of related etiology, antigen and antibody should be improved as soon as possible, and bronchoscopy should be performed when necessary. When pilots are diagnosed with tuberculosis, tuberculin test and chest CT should be carried out to screen people in the same camp to prevent collective infection[ 13 , 14 ]. It should be clear that patients with tuberculosis need to be isolated at home, provided with regular antituberculous therapy in sufficient doses and courses, and re-evaluated for their flight assessment after being cured.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical diagnosis, treatment, and medical identification of specific pulmonary infection in naval pilots: Four case reports

Zeng¹,

Zhao²,

Yi³

et al. 2022

WJCC

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BACKGROUND Specific pulmonary infection could seriously threaten the health of pilots and their companions. The consequences are serious. We investigated the clinical diagnosis, treatment, and medical identification of specific pulmonary infections in naval pilots. CASE SUMMARY We analyzed the medical waiver and clinical data of four pilots with specific pulmonary infections, who had accepted treatment at the Naval Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army between January 2020 and November 2021, including three cases of tuberculosis and one of cryptococcal pneumonia. All cases underwent a series of comprehensive treatment courses. Three cases successfully obtained medical waiver for flight after being cured, while one was grounded after reaching the maximum flight life after being cured. CONCLUSION Chest computed tomography scanning should be used instead of chest radiography in pilots’ physical examination. Most pilots with specific pulmonary infection can be cured and return to flight.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical diagnosis, treatment, and medical identification of specific pulmonary infection in naval pilots: Four case reports

Zeng¹,

Zhao²,

Yi³

et al. 2022

WJCC

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“…These key population groups and representatives of community organizations also played a role in sensitizing doctors to work with transgender and MSW. This intervention tested more than 7000 transgender women and MSWs finding more than 600 people with TB, uncovering high rates of previously undiagnosed HIV co-infection (16,17), and was able to expand its intervention to other cities in Pakistan as a result (18). Other, TB REACH interventions concentrated on children (Indus Hospital Wave 4), those with extra pulmonary TB (Indus Hospital Wave 6) and coal miners and associated communities (Dopasi Foundation Wave 6).…”

Section: Data Abstractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative approaches to end TB in Pakistan: a review of TB REACH projects from 2010 to 2020

Malik¹,

Creswell²

2021

PJPH

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Background: TB REACH is a grant-making initiative launched by the Stop TB Partnership in January 2010 to support innovative approaches and technologies to find and treat people with active TB disease, drug-resistant TB, or TB infection. Since then, TB REACH has launched eight Waves of funding to pilot untested, but promising technologies, tools, and approaches. The objective of this paper was to review the grants implemented in Pakistan in the decade since TB REACH’s inception and to summarize the approaches used, document the results, and assess the impact of these projects on local and international policy. Methods: We searched the TB REACH’s Grant Management System (GMS), which is a database for information on all grants awarded through the initiative, for recipient organisations in Pakistan from 2010 until June 2020. Data was abstracted for the following topic areas: type of grant, focus of work, case finding strategies, risk groups screened and impact on case finding. Results: Through eight waves of funding, TB REACH has supported 28 grants for 21 different interventions in Pakistan worth a total of USD 13.4 million. Overall, 19 of these projects aimed to improve detection, linkage to treatment and reporting of TB and two were product innovation grants for developing resources and materials to aide TB service delivery. Conclusion: TB REACH support has facilitated the introduction of new technologies, establishment of innovative processes in both public and private sector and approaches for addressing TB in key populations. The TB response in Pakistan and globally will continue to require innovation and disruption of ‘business as usual' approaches if we are to End TB.

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“…Stop TB Partnership established TB REACH in 2010 to foster innovative approaches and technologies in TB care and prevention and catalyze their scale-up. Over the course of eight waves, the TB REACH mechanism [ 19 ] has supported hundreds of projects utilizing numerous approaches to active case finding (ACF), many of which heeded the global call for greater involvement of CHWs. As such, TB REACH represents one of the world’s largest sources of funding and repository of information for interventions employing CHWs using a standardized monitoring and evaluation (M&E) framework [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What makes community health worker models for tuberculosis active case finding work? A cross-sectional study of TB REACH projects to identify success factors for increasing case notifications

Dam¹,

Forse

Tran³

et al. 2022

Hum Resour Health

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Background In the field of tuberculosis (TB), Community Healthcare Workers (CHWs) have been engaged for advocacy, case detection, and patient support in a wide range of settings. Estimates predict large-scale shortfalls of healthcare workers in low- and middle-income settings by 2030 and strategies are needed to optimize the health workforce to achieve universal availability and accessibility of healthcare. In 2018, the World Health Organization (WHO) published guidelines on best practices for CHW engagement, and identified remaining knowledge gaps. Stop TB Partnership’s TB REACH initiative has supported interventions using CHWs to deliver TB care in over 30 countries, and utilized the same primary indicator to measure project impact at the population-level for all TB active case finding projects, which makes the results comparable across multiple settings. This study compiled 10 years of implementation data from the initiative’s grantee network to begin to address key knowledge gaps in CHW networks. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study analyzing the TB REACH data repository (n = 123) and primary survey responses (n = 50) of project implementers. We designed a survey based on WHO guidelines to understand projects’ practices on CHW recruitment, training, activities, supervision, compensation, and sustainability. We segmented projects by TB notification impact and fitted linear random-effect regression models to identify practices associated with higher changes in notifications. Results Most projects employed CHWs for advocacy alongside case finding and holding activities. Model characteristics associated with higher project impact included incorporating e-learning in training and having the prospect of CHWs continuing their responsibilities at the close of a project. Factors that trended towards being associated with higher impact were community-based training, differentiated contracts, and non-monetary incentives. Conclusion In line with WHO guidelines, our findings emphasize that successful implementation approaches provide CHWs with comprehensive training, continuous supervision, fair compensation, and are integrated within the existing primary healthcare system. However, we encountered a great degree of heterogeneity in CHW engagement models, resulting in few practices clearly associated with higher notifications.

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The TB REACH Initiative: Supporting TB Elimination Efforts in the Asia-Pacific

Cited by 11 publications

References 49 publications

Clinical diagnosis, treatment, and medical identification of specific pulmonary infection in naval pilots: Four case reports

Clinical diagnosis, treatment, and medical identification of specific pulmonary infection in naval pilots: Four case reports

Innovative approaches to end TB in Pakistan: a review of TB REACH projects from 2010 to 2020

What makes community health worker models for tuberculosis active case finding work? A cross-sectional study of TB REACH projects to identify success factors for increasing case notifications

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