“…The GBP framework for teaching competences includes a wide range of methods for using games in the classroom, both online and off. Researchers have so far concentrated on determining the factors that encourage or discourage educators from using digital games in the classroom (Gao, Li, & Sun, 2020;Nieland, Fehrenbach, Marowsky, & Burfeind, 2021;Pynnönen, 2019;Zou, Huang, & Xie, 2021). For example, (Assaf, Spil, & Bruinsma, 2021;Sánchez-Mena, Martí-Parreño, & Miquel-Romero, 2019) identify a lack of openness to new technologies as a barrier to using digital game-based techniques in the classroom.…”