The TEI and Current Standards for Structuring Linguistic Data

Stührenberg, Maik

doi:10.4000/jtei.523

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, it is not trivial to define and identify linguistic units, most notably because of the vast number of irregularities and language-specific phenomena involved. Works such as the Morpho-Syntactic Annotation Framework (MAF) ISO standard [ 20 , 21 ] identify linguistic units as word-forms : these are represented by a stem and a list of inflections to be attached. For example, many English words can be inflected as verbs, adverbs, nouns, and adjectives.…”

Section: Preprocessingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey on text classification: Practical perspectives on the Italian language

et al. 2022

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Text Classification methods have been improving at an unparalleled speed in the last decade thanks to the success brought about by deep learning. Historically, state-of-the-art approaches have been developed for and benchmarked against English datasets, while other languages have had to catch up and deal with inevitable linguistic challenges. This paper offers a survey with practical and linguistic connotations, showcasing the complications and challenges tied to the application of modern Text Classification algorithms to languages other than English. We engage this subject from the perspective of the Italian language, and we discuss in detail issues related to the scarcity of task-specific datasets, as well as the issues posed by the computational expensiveness of modern approaches. We substantiate this by providing an extensively researched list of available datasets in Italian, comparing it with a similarly sought list for French, which we use for comparison. In order to simulate a real-world practical scenario, we apply a number of representative methods to custom-tailored multilabel classification datasets in Italian, French, and English. We conclude by discussing results, future challenges, and research directions from a linguistically inclusive perspective.

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Section: Preprocessingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey on text classification: Practical perspectives on the Italian language

et al. 2022

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“…Current standards recommend using stand-off annotations, mainly due to the fact that multiple overlapping hierarchies can be applied easily (Thompson & McKelvie 1997;Stührenberg 2012).…”

Section: Annotationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational tools and spoken corpora design: an ongoing dialogue

Rozas¹,

Barcala

2020

Caplletra

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El disseny d’un corpus oral i els processos de registrar, codificar i tractar els materials per construir un recurs útil per a l’anàlisi lingüística, comporta nombroses decisions pel que fa a la teoria i la metodologia. Aquest article s’ocupa d’aquelles etapes de la construcció d’un corpus que més clarament estan condicionades pel processament informàtic necessari que ha de fer el corpus funcional. Per tal de conjugar les expectatives inicials i les possibilitats reals quan usem l’eina, cada característica que pretenem codificar ha de ser mesurada quant a la càrrega de treball que comporta i els mitjans que són requerits per fer-ho possible. Per això, és essencial tenir en compte els recursos disponibles a l’hora de processar i explotar el corpus, ja que tenen un impacte fonamental en les decisions pel que fa a la construcció del corpus. Basat en l’experiència adquirida en la construcció del corpus ESLORA, l’article analitza alguns dels problemes que sorgeixen en el procés de dissenyar un corpus oral, com ara el grau de detall en què és representat el fenomen oral, la segmentació del discurs, la convivència de diferents sistemes d’etiquetatge simultanis i les particularitats de l’anotació en un context bilingüe o multilingüe.

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“…A codificação do VOLP-1940 segue as diretrizes 21 da TEI. Apesar de a TEI não ter o status legal de norma (Stührenberg, 2012), tornou-se uma norma internacional de facto para a codificação de diferentes géneros de documentos, desde manuscritos, poemas, dicionários, receitas culinárias, anotação de corpora, entre muitos outros. Criada em 1987 por um consórcio de diversas instituições -TEI Consortiumcom o objetivo de desenvolver um formato normalizado para a edição eletrónica de conteúdos textuais em múltiplos formatos, a TEI apresenta uma metalinguagem que compreende um vocabulário (um conjunto de elementos e atributos) e uma gramática (um esquema) para anotar, estruturar e validar documentos e cujas sintaxe e semântica específicas em linguagem XML (eXtensible Markup Language) a torna num método de análise textual para processamento digital.…”

Section: Teiunclassified

O projeto 'Edição Digital dos Vocabulários da Academia das Ciências': o VOLP-1940

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Costa

2020

RAPL

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This paper presents the Digital Edition of the Vocabularies of the Academy of Sciences project, which aims to digitise the spelling vocabularies of the Lisbon Academy of Sciences (ACL) in order to create a digital lexicographic corpus bringing together the printed versions of all these lexicographical reference works – the 1940, 1947, 1970, and finally the 2012 editions. The first stage started with the Vocabulário Ortográfico da Língua Portuguesa [Orthographic Vocabulary of the Portuguese Language] (VOLP-1940), our case study. After digitising this vocabulary, the work described here focuses on the linguistic annotation of VOLP-1940 using eXtensible Markup Language (XML), an annotation metalanguage, and following the annotation directives of the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI), more specifically the application of TEI Lex-0, a new TEI sub-format. We aim to highlight the need for rigorous linguistic data processing in the creation of new lexical resources to increase the quality of their description and applicability.

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The TEI and Current Standards for Structuring Linguistic Data

Cited by 10 publications

References 18 publications

A survey on text classification: Practical perspectives on the Italian language

A survey on text classification: Practical perspectives on the Italian language

Computational tools and spoken corpora design: an ongoing dialogue

O projeto 'Edição Digital dos Vocabulários da Academia das Ciências': o VOLP-1940

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