In the telecommunications industry, timing is everything. Nearly ten years ago the Telecommunications Act of 1966 (TA96) deregulated telephone services in the United States in order to spur competition at the local level. This attempt to establish facilitiesbased competition between incumbent local exchange carriers (ILECs) (for example, Baby Bells') and competitive local exchange carriers (CLECs) has not been particularly successful. In part it was believed that deregulation would not only lower the cost of local telephone service, but would also dramatically enhance the quality of service offered by telecommunication providers (Loube, 2004). However, recent research suggests that the residential telephone rates in many markets have actually increased (Loube, 2004;Wimmer and Rosston, 2005) and that measures of service quality remain mixed (Clements, 2004). Fortunately, many analysts and policymakers were able to see beyond telephony. TA96 also provided directives for the deployment of advanced telecommunications capability (that is, broadband) able to handle voice, data, graphics, and video. (1) Specifically, section 706 encouraged each of the fifty US states to deploy these advanced capabilities in a reasonable and timely manner. In hindsight, the timing of the TA96 could not have been better. Today, the vast majority of the US population has access to telephony, data, and video services over a diverse array of physical infrastructures, including local telephone systems, municipal electric utilities, and cable and wireless networks (