The teleost melanin-concentrating hormone—A pituitary hormone of hypothalamic origin

Rance, Theresa A.; Baker, Bridget I.

doi:10.1016/0016-6480(79)90047-9

Cited by 95 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…MCH was first isolated from the pituitary of the chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta (Kawauchi et al 1983). It is synthesized in the hypothalamus, released from the pituitary gland, and aggregates melanin granules within the dermal melanophores, causing skin pallor (Rance and Baker 1979). The two peptides are thus mutually antagonistic with respect to their roles in skin coloration (Baker 1991).…”

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confidence: 99%

Immunocytochemical localization and ontogenic development of ?-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (?-MSH) in the brain of a pleuronectiform fish, barfin flounder

et al. 2005

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Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) is a pituitary hormone derived by post-translational processing from proopiomelanocortin and is involved in background adaptation in teleost fish. It has also been reported to suppress food intake in mammals. Here, we examined the immunocytochemical localization of alpha-MSH in the brain and pituitary of a pleuronectiform fish, the barfin flounder (Verasper moseri), as a first step in unraveling the possible function of alpha-MSH in the brain. The ontogenic development of the alpha-MSH system was also studied. In the pituitary, alpha-MSH-immunoreactive (ir) cells were preferentially detected in the pars intermedia. In the brain, alpha-MSH-ir neuronal somata were located in the nucleus tuberis lateralis of the basal hypothalamus, and alpha-MSH-ir fibers were located mainly in the telencephalon, hypothalamus, and midbrain. Alpha-MSH-ir neuronal somata did not project their axons to the pituitary. The alpha-MSH-ir neurons differed from those immunoreactive to melanin-concentrating hormone. Alpha-MSH cells in the pituitary and alpha-MSH-ir neuronal somata in the brain were first detected 1 day and 5 days after hatching, respectively. The distribution of alpha-MSH-ir cells, neuronal somata, and fibers showed a pattern similar to that in adult fish 30 days after hatching. These results indicate that the functions of alpha-MSH in the brain and pituitary are different and that alpha-MSH plays physiological roles in the early development of the barfin flounder.

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confidence: 99%

Immunocytochemical localization and ontogenic development of ?-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (?-MSH) in the brain of a pleuronectiform fish, barfin flounder

et al. 2005

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“…Two types of control over melanophore activity have been demonstrated: neuronal control via monoamines and endocrine control (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). Significant effort has been directed at detecting a factor(s) that exerts an inhibitory effect on melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) (1-3, 7, 9-13).…”

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confidence: 99%

Two precursors of melanin-concentrating hormone: DNA sequence analysis and in situ immunochemical localization.

Minth

Qiu

Akil

et al. 1989

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Two precursors to Chinook salmon (Onco-rhynchus tshawytscha) melanin-concentrating hormone, an important factor in teleosts involved in the control of skin pigmentation and stress responsiveness, have been identified from DNA sequence analysis. Both precursors encode proteins of 132 amino acids and they share 107/132 amino acid identities. The biologically active 17-residue peptide is located at the C terminus of both precursors and can be liberated by proteolytic cleavage following two adjacent arginine residues. Additional putative proteolytic processing sites are located within the two precursors. Northern analysis demonstrated an intense hybridization signal of 750 nucleotides in the hypothalamus.Immunocytochemical studies as well as in situ hybridization analyses identify intensely staining cell bodies in the hypothalamus in the area of the lateral tuberal nucleus.Regulation of skin pigmentation and stress response in amphibians and teleosts has been the source of considerable research over the past few decades. Two types of control over melanophore activity have been demonstrated: neuronal control via monoamines and endocrine control (1-9). Significant effort has been directed at detecting a factor(s) that exerts an inhibitory effect on melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) (1-3, 7, 9-13). Kawauchi and collaborators (12) successfully isolated and characterized such a factor from salmon pituitary in the form of a 17-amino acid peptide named melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH). Synthetic versions of MCH (11,(14)(15)(16)(17) have been shown to be potent in causing the melanophores of teleosts to concentrate their pigment granules (blanching), as well as inhibiting the release of MSH (2,11,12,18,19 Immunocytochemistry and in Situ Colocalization. Tissue sections were prepared as described above. Vanadyl ribonucleoside complex (2 mM) was added to all antibodies to inhibit RNase activity. After incubation with diaminobenzidine, sections were washed in distilled water, dehydrated to 100% ethanol, and air-dried. All sections were prehybridized as described and hybridized with either the MCH RNA probe or oligonucleotides at the appropriate temperature for 24 hr.

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“…This cyclic heptadecapeptide (H-Asp-Thr-Met-ArgCys-Met-Val-Gly-Arg-Val-Tyr-Arg-Pro-Cys-Trp-Glu-Val-OH) was reported to stimulate aggregation of melanosomes within melanophores of several species of teleost fishes, both in vitro and in vivo (4)(5)(6), while paradoxically dispersing melanosomes within melanophores in frogs and lizards (6,7). MCH is synthesized in the teleost hypothalamus and stored and released by the neurohypophysis (8)(9)(10). Little is known about the existence and localization of MCH in the mammalian nervous system (10).…”

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Melanin-concentrating hormone: unique peptide neuronal system in the rat brain and pituitary gland.

Zamir

Skofitsch

Bannon

et al. 1986

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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A unique neuronal system was detected in the rat central nervous system by immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay with antibodies to salmon melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH). MCH-like immunoreactive (MCH-LI) cell bodies were confined to the hypothalamus. MCH-LI fibers were found throughout the brain but were most prevalent in hypothalamus, mesencephalon, and pons-medulla regions. High concentrations of MCH-LI were measured in the hypothalamic medial forebrain bundle (MFB), posterior hypothalamic nucleus, and nucleus of the diagonal band. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of MFB extracts from rat brain indicate that MCH-like peptide from the rat has a different retention time than that of the salmon MCH. An osmotic stimulus (2% NaCI as drinking water for 120 hr) caused a marked increase in MCH-LI concentrations in the lateral hypothalamus and neurointermediate lobe. The present studies establish the presence of MCH-like peptide in the rat brain. The MCH-LI neuronal system is well situated to coordinate complex functions such as regulation of water intake.

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The teleost melanin-concentrating hormone—A pituitary hormone of hypothalamic origin

Cited by 95 publications

References 15 publications

Immunocytochemical localization and ontogenic development of ?-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (?-MSH) in the brain of a pleuronectiform fish, barfin flounder

Immunocytochemical localization and ontogenic development of ?-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (?-MSH) in the brain of a pleuronectiform fish, barfin flounder

Two precursors of melanin-concentrating hormone: DNA sequence analysis and in situ immunochemical localization.

Melanin-concentrating hormone: unique peptide neuronal system in the rat brain and pituitary gland.

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