The temperament and character inventory in major depression

Marijnissen, G.M.; Tuinier, S.; Sijben, A.E.S.; Verhoeven, W.M.A.

doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(01)00364-0

Cited by 76 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Consistent with our results, several previous studies have shown higher scores on HA and lower scores on SD and C in patients with UP (Farmer et al, 2003;Hansenne et al, 1999) or in those with BP (Engstrom et al, 2004;Evans et al, 2005) compared to healthy controls. Higher NS (Evans et al, 2005;Nowakowska et al, 2005) and ST (Evans et al, 2005;Loftus et al, 2008;Nowakowska et al, 2005) have also been reported in BP patients compared to controls, though most studies comparing UP patients and controls have shown no significant difference in these two dimensions (Celikel et al, 2009;Evans et al, 2005;Farmer et al, 2003;Hansenne et al, 1999;Kimura et al, 2000;Marijnissen et al, 2002;Nowakowska et al, 2005;Smith et al, 2005). Although the comparison between BPII and UP patients showed similar trends in both genders (i.e., higher NS and ST in BPII), statistical significance between these two disorders was reached only in females.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…TCI is a 240 item true/false questionnaire measuring four dimensions of temperament (novelty seeking (NS), harm avoidance (HA), reward dependence (RD), and persistence (P)) and three dimensions of character (self-directedness (SD), cooperativeness (C), and self-transcendence (ST)), developed on the basis of a psychobiological model of personality. Although TCI has been frequently used in the studies of mood disorders Celikel et al, 2009;de Winter et al, 2007;Engstrom et al, 2004;Farmer et al, 2003;Hansenne et al, 1999;Hirano et al, 2002;Kimura et al, 2000;Loftus et al, 2008;Marijnissen et al, 2002;Matsudaira and Kitamura, 2006;Naito et al, 2000;Richter et al, 2000;, no studies to date have compared TCI score profiles of patients with unipolar and bipolar depression during their depressed states. We aimed to identify personality profiles specific to either unipolar or bipolar depression, which could aid in the were also assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV by a trained psychiatrist to confirm the diagnosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Difference in Temperament and Character Inventory scores between depressed patients with bipolar II and unipolar major depressive disorders

Sasayama¹,

Hori²,

Teraishi³

et al. 2011

Journal of Affective Disorders

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Background: Although some core personality variables are known to be characteristic of unipolar or bipolar depression, few studies have compared the personality profile between these two disorders.Methods: Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) was employed to assess the personality of 36 depressed patients with bipolar II disorder (BPII), 90 patients with unipolar major depressive disorder (UP), and 306 healthy controls. The TCI was administered during the depressive episode in BPII and UP patients so that the results can be applied in a clinical setting.Results: Significantly higher scores in harm avoidance (pb0.0001) and lower scores in selfdirectedness (pb0.0001) and cooperativeness (pb0.05) were observed in both BPII and UP patients compared to controls. Lower novelty seeking in UP patients compared to BPII patients and controls was observed in females (pb0.0001, pb0.01, respectively).A significant difference in self-transcendence score was observed between BPII and UP patients in females (pb0.0005), with higher scores in BPII (p=0.009) and lower scores in UP (p=0.046) patients compared to controls. A logistic regression model predicted BPII 3 3 in depressed females based on novelty seeking and self-transcendence scores with a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 73%, but did not accurately predict BPII in males.Limitations: Patients in our study were limited to those receiving outpatient treatments, and bipolar patients were limited to those with BPII.Conclusions: Novelty seeking and self-transcendence scores of TCI might be useful in the differentiation of UP and BPII in female patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Difference in Temperament and Character Inventory scores between depressed patients with bipolar II and unipolar major depressive disorders

Sasayama¹,

Hori²,

Teraishi³

et al. 2011

Journal of Affective Disorders

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“…First, the TCI provides personality measures that quantify individual differences in vulnerability to many Axis I disorders (e.g., major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, substance dependencies, and also psychoses). Indeed, several studies have demonstrated that depressed patients, even in remission states, have higher HA scores and that severity of depression correlates with HA (Corruble, Duret, Pélissolo, Falissard, & Guelfi, 2002;Grucza, Przybeck, Spitznagel, & Cloninger, 2003;Marijnissen, Tuinier, Sijben, & Verhoeven, 2002). Moreover, patients who fail to respond to antidepressant treatments generally have higher HA scores before treatment than the others.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychometric Properties of the Temperament and Character Inventory–Revised (TCI–R) in a Belgian Sample

Hansenne¹,

Delhez²,

Cloninger³

2005

Journal of Personality Assessment

100

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The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI; Cloninger, Przybeck, Svrakic, & Wetzel, 1994) is a self-questionnaire developed to assess the 7 dimensions of personality described by Cloninger et al. (1994) with a total of 29 subscales. In 1999, a revised version was proposed by Cloninger (TCI-R). In this study, we present psychometric properties of the TCI-R from 958 French-speaking participants of Belgium. Women exhibited higher scores for harm avoidance, reward dependence, and cooperativeness dimensions. The proposed factorial structure of 4 temperament dimensions and 3 character dimensions was confirmed. The TCI-R inventory had good test-retest reliabilities as well as good alpha coefficients. The addition of 3 new subscales to the original scale for Persistence has produced a very reliable dimension in the TCI-R.Over the past decade, Cloninger and his colleagues

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“…Furthermore, Silberg & Bulik (2005) demonstrated that comorbidity between eating disorders, anxiety disorders and depressive symptoms is accounted for by shared genetic factors, and with the personality trait "harm avoidance" as a possible pathway. Harm avoidance has been shown to be elevated in individuals with anxiety (Kennedy, Schwab, & Hyde, 2001), depression (Grucza, Przybeck, Spitznagel, & Cloninger, 2003;Kennedy et al, 2001;Marijnissen, Tuinier, Sijben, & Verhoeven, 2002) and eating disorders (Bulik, Sullivan, Carter, & Joyce, 1995;Bulik, Sullivan, Weltzin, & Kaye, 1995;Klump et al, 2000). Moreover, activation of a common biological pathway that influences anxiety, depression, and eating (e.g., the serotonergic system) may also be plausible as such activity has been consistently shown to be abnormal in women with anorexia and bulimia nervosa both during the acute phase of the illness and after recovery (Kaye, 1997a,b;O'Dwyer, Lucey, & Russell, 1996;Wolfe, Metzger, & Jimerson, 1997).…”

Section: Possible Shared Aetiological Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of eating disorders part III: social epidemiology and case definitions revisited

Rosenvinge

Pettersen

2015

Advances in Eating Disorders

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The previous papers in this series (Rosenvinge & Pettersen, 2014a,b) outlined a historical panorama and presented knowledge about the distribution of eating disorders in various populations as well as about putative risk factors. This final paper focuses on social epidemiology, notably the current status of treatment dissemination and prevention research. We also discuss some comorbidity findings and transdiagnostic issues as an alternative to the DSM based definition of an epidemiological case, and how such an alternative definition may introduce new perspectives of prevention. Key words: eating disorders, epidemiology, reviewThe authors declare no conflict of interest in preparing this work 3 The present article is the final one of three about the epidemiology of eating disorders. The first one (Rosenvinge & Pettersen, 2014a) outlined basic epidemiological concepts, approaches and issues. In addition, it outlined a historical panorama of the epidemiology of eating disorders up to the early 1990s depicting, the evolvement of eating disorders from being one, curious and rare disorder (i.e., anorexia nervosa) to a set of disorders distributed in the population to an extent which has caught public concern and scientific effort for the past 30 or 40 years. This evolvement has resulted in case definitions through the DSM and ICD manuals, and being worldwide disseminated they haves had a major impact on case definition-and identification methods in epidemiological eating disorder research.The second paper in this series (Rosenvinge & Pettersen, 2014b) outlined recent knowledge about descriptive epidemiology; how many who actually have a DSM eating disorder or significant eating problems at a given point of time (i.e., the point prevalence), or in the past (i.e., the lifetime prevalence), as well as about the number of new cases appearing per year (i.e., the incidence). In addition, we focused on issues within analytic epidemiology, notably what is known about risk factors for developing eating disorders or for staying ill for a longer period of time.Case identification methods require a case definition which is useful for analytic and social epidemiological purposes, and not just for describing the prevalence or incidence.Traditionally, the DSM taxonomy has provided a gold standard. This may be questioned in view of mental disorders most likely to come along with eating disorders, most likely to affect their course, and where the comorbidity may point to transdiagnostic factors possibly relevant to epidemiological research. The first aim of this paper is to discuss the relevance and implications of such perspectives in constructing an epidemiological case definition.Social epidemiology becomes relevant when we have some answers from descriptive epidemiology to the "how many-questions", and from analytical epidemiology to the "who, and "why"-questions. One part of social epidemiology concerns prevention, and which may take the approach of health promotion at a universal (general population) level, i.e., by...

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The temperament and character inventory in major depression

Cited by 76 publications

References 40 publications

Difference in Temperament and Character Inventory scores between depressed patients with bipolar II and unipolar major depressive disorders

Difference in Temperament and Character Inventory scores between depressed patients with bipolar II and unipolar major depressive disorders

Psychometric Properties of the Temperament and Character Inventory–Revised (TCI–R) in a Belgian Sample

Epidemiology of eating disorders part III: social epidemiology and case definitions revisited

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