The temperature of the nitrous oxide-acetylene flame

Willis, J. B.; Rasmuson, James O.; Kniseley, Richard N.; Fassel, Velmer A.

doi:10.1016/0584-8547(68)80051-5

Cited by 36 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Chemiluminescence belonging to this category occurs from electronic states up to and slightly above 5eV (23, p. 146 When chemiluminescence was significant, Gaydon and Wolfhard (24) experimentally verified a significant increase in Fe-line reversal temperatures with increases in the excitation potential. Since line-reversal temperature measurements of N2O-C2H2 flames are not a function of the excitation potential of the observed spectral line (25,26), chemiluminescence of the first category is not significant in these flames.…”

Section: Chemiluminescencementioning

confidence: 96%

“…Further constructional details may be found in (65). Each rotameter was calibrated at the desired pressure, with a precision wet test meter (Precision Temperature measurements were performed by the Sr linereversal technique described previously (25). Briefly, radia tion from a tungsten strip lamp, for which the brightness temperature is known as a function of current through the lamp, is focused in the center of the flame and refocused on the (26,67).…”

Section: A Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

An experimental and theoretical evaluation of the nitrous oxide-acetylene flame as an atomization cell for flame spectroscopy

Rasmuson

Fassel

Kniseley

1973

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

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Section: Chemiluminescencementioning

confidence: 96%

Section: A Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental and theoretical evaluation of the nitrous oxide-acetylene flame as an atomization cell for flame spectroscopy

Rasmuson

Fassel

Kniseley

1973

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

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“…Both C2H2/O2 and C2H2/N2O flames provide higher temperatures that can allow a greater efficiency in free-atom production modes, but the high-burning velocity of the C2H2/O2 flame can lead to turbulence and Increased noise, and for this reason C2H2/N2O flames are to be preferred. It should be noted that temperatures in the flame systems vary with both fuel/oxidant ratios and height of the system above the burner tip (18). In view of its importance and widespread use, the C2H2/N2O flame Is considered first, and in more detail than the other systems.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stoichiometry effects on free-atom fractions. Data (8,12,15,18) show that some free-atom fractions are markedly dependent on the fuel/oxidant ratio, whereas other metals are relatively unaffected. For example, Mo and Ti free-atom fractions are markedly enhanced by the use of fuel-rich flames.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical calculations of equilibrium concentrations for species generated in analytically important flames

Reigle¹,

McCarthy²,

Ling³

1973

J. Chem. Eng. Data

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The compositions of several flames at various temperatures and differing oxidant/fuel ratios have been determined theoretically by use of an iterative computer technique based on a thermodynamic model. Systems chosen were: acetylene-nitrous oxide, acetylene-oxygen, acetylene-air, hydrogen-nitrous oxide, hydrogen-oxygen, and hydrogen-air. In view of the importance that acetylene-nitrous oxide flames have in contemporary analytical techniques, this particular system has been examined further when containing a metallic vapor. The calculations indicate that the free-atom fractions for aluminum, molybdenum, silicon, titanium, and tungsten vary with the fuel/oxidant ratio, but that copper and ironfree atom fractions remain relatively invariant with changes in flame stoichiometry.Several methods have been described to estimate the concentrations of various species present in a flame. One approach involves finding a product distribution that will satisfy mass balance criteria and restraints imposed by equilibrium constants for a variety of different reactions (2, 73). A feature of this method is that simplifications may be made by recognizing that some species will be present in very small concentrations, and that the presence of these species is relatively unimportant. However, this method utilizes a set of simultaneous equations to describe the equilibrium processes, and for even moderately complex systems, the set becomes quite formidable. Another method (76), known as the free-energy minimization method, considers all possible gaseous species [condensed species can be handled also ( 7 4 ) ] that might be produced, but in return, eliminates the need for a full knowledge of relative concentrations and therefore avoids the necessity of deciding which species are the major components in the flame. However, even for this method, practical considerations and/or chemical intuition can lead to substantial reductions in computational times. Results of equilibrium calculations by the free-energy minimization method have been reported by Anderson ( 7 ) , and by Taylor and co-workers (3, 4 ) . This paper further extends and amplifies these calculations to flames that are of interest to contemporary analytical chemistry, and includes calculations involving seven selected metal vapors to simulate flame spectroscopy involving added analytes. Experimental A Fortran IV G program was written for an IBM 360/75 computer based on experimental techniques described by White et al. (73, 76) and Oliver et al. ( 7 4 ) . The equilibrium concentrations of the n species that comprise the flame system are given in terms of a set of mole numbers X = XI, x2, x3 . . . xn. The required set X is that one which will conditionally minimiqe the total free energy of 'Deceased. 2To whom correspondence should be addressed.the system subject to overall mass-balance considerations. The total free energy, GfX), can be written as the sum of the chemical potentials, k i , for the species i such that i 1)The chemical potential for species i in an ideal gas mixtur...

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“…For example, in the post reaction zone, reactions [6] through [10] may excite the third body, X. Sugden (19) classified this type of chemiluminescence as "first category" When chemiluminescence was significant, Gaydon and Wolfhard (24) experimentally verified a significant increase in Fe-line reversal temperatures with increases in the excitation potential. Since line-reversal temperature measurements of N2O-C2H2 flames are not a function of the excitation potential of the observed spectral line (25,26), chemiluminescence of the first category is not significant in these flames.…”

Section: Chemiluminescencementioning

confidence: 96%

Experimental and theoretical evaluation of the nitrous oxide-acetylene flame as an atomization cell for flame spectroscopy

Rasmuson

1971

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The temperature of the nitrous oxide-acetylene flame

Cited by 36 publications

References 12 publications

An experimental and theoretical evaluation of the nitrous oxide-acetylene flame as an atomization cell for flame spectroscopy

An experimental and theoretical evaluation of the nitrous oxide-acetylene flame as an atomization cell for flame spectroscopy

Theoretical calculations of equilibrium concentrations for species generated in analytically important flames

Experimental and theoretical evaluation of the nitrous oxide-acetylene flame as an atomization cell for flame spectroscopy

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