The temperature–size rule in a rotifer is determined by the mother and at the egg stage

Walczyńska, Aleksandra; Sobczyk, Mateusz; Czarnołęski, Marcin; Kozłowski, Jan

doi:10.1007/s10682-015-9771-x

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…For instance, the rearing temperature of European pearlside ( Rutilus meidingeri ) embryos affected subsequent muscle growth (Steinbacher et al, ), while eggs of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) exposed to higher temperature produced individuals exhibiting better growth in warmer temperatures (Finstad & Jonsson, ). Similar observations were made for a rotifer ( Lecane inermis ) where adult size was impacted by the temperature experienced by the mothers and embryos, highlighting the importance of maternal effects and egg development stage (Walczyńska, Sobczyk, Czarnoleski, & Kozłowski, ).…”

Section: The Role Of Acclimation and Adaptation To Ensure Optimal Oxysupporting

confidence: 62%

Is oxygen limitation in warming waters a valid mechanism to explain decreased body sizes in aquatic ectotherms?

Audzijonytė

Barneche

Baudron

et al. 2018

Global Ecol Biogeogr

134

161

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Aim The negative correlation between temperature and body size of ectothermic animals (broadly known as the temperature‐size rule or TSR) is a widely observed pattern, especially in aquatic organisms. Studies have claimed that the TSR arises due to decreased oxygen solubility and increasing metabolic costs at warmer temperatures, whereby oxygen supply to a large body becomes increasingly difficult. However, mixed empirical evidence has led to a controversy about the mechanisms affecting species’ size and performance under different temperatures. We review the main competing genetic, physiological and ecological explanations for the TSR and suggest a roadmap to move the field forward. Location Global. Taxa Aquatic ectotherms. Time period 1980–present. Results We show that current studies cannot discriminate among alternative hypotheses and none of the hypotheses can explain all TSR‐related observations. To resolve this impasse, we need experiments and field‐sampling programmes that specifically compare alternative mechanisms and formally consider energetics related to growth costs, oxygen supply and behaviour. We highlight the distinction between evolutionary and plastic mechanisms, and suggest that the oxygen limitation debate should separate processes operating on short, decadal and millennial time‐scales. Conclusions Despite decades of research, we remain uncertain whether the TSR is an adaptive response to temperature‐related physiological (enzyme activity) or ecological changes (food, predation and other mortality), or a response to constraints operating at a cellular level (oxygen supply and associated costs). To make progress, ecologists, physiologists, modellers and geneticists should work together to develop a cross‐disciplinary research programme that integrates theory and data, explores time‐scales over which the TSR operates, and assesses limits to adaptation or plasticity. We identify four questions for such a programme. Answering these questions is crucial given the widespread impacts of climate change and reliance of management on models that are highly dependent on accurate representation of ecological and physiological responses to temperature.

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Section: The Role Of Acclimation and Adaptation To Ensure Optimal Oxysupporting

confidence: 62%

Is oxygen limitation in warming waters a valid mechanism to explain decreased body sizes in aquatic ectotherms?

Audzijonytė

Barneche

Baudron

et al. 2018

Global Ecol Biogeogr

134

161

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This finding means that the cue toward the direction of temperature change may be more important for ectotherms than the temperature itself. Such a result was previously suggested in a study on the TSR determination in L. inermis rotifers (Walczyńska et al 2015b). Two explanatory mechanisms behind different body/cell size matches in Temp−/Temp+ annelids, as illustrated in Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

What may a fussy creature reveal about body/cell size integration under stressful conditions?

2018

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There is a growing amount of empirical evidence on the important role of cell size in body size adjustment in ambient or changing conditions. Though the adaptive significance of their correspondence is well understood and demonstrated, the proximate mechanisms are still in a phase of speculation. We made interesting observations on body/cell size adjustment under stressful conditions during an experiment designed for another purpose. We found that the strength of the body/cell size match is condition-dependent. Specifically, it is stronger under more stressful conditions, and it changes depending on exposure to lower temperature vs. exposure to higher temperature. The question whether these observations are of limiting or adaptive character remains open; yet, according to our results, both versions are possible but may differ in response to stress caused by too low vs. too high temperatures. Our results suggest that testing the hypotheses on body/cell size match may be a promising study system for the recent scientific dispute on the evolutionary meaning of developmental noise as opposed to phenotypic plasticity.

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“…These patterns are in accordance with the temperature size rule (known also as Bergmann's rule) and the effects of malnutrition on body size, which are both well documented in many taxa (e.g. Sewell, Cameron & McArdle, ; Walczyńska et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Experimental taxonomy confirms the environmental stability of morphometric traits in a taxonomically challenging group of microinvertebrates

et al. 2016

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Despite advances in molecular systematics, the taxonomy of tardigrades still depends largely on morphological and morphometric traits. The fact that the variability of any biological trait is determined by the interaction between genetics and environment prompts a very fundamental question: is it possible for tardigrades of the same genotype, but originating from various habitats that differ in environmental conditions, to have phenotypes so different that they would be erroneously classified as different species taxa by means of classical taxonomy? Here, we present the results of a broad and fully controlled laboratory experiment in which we investigated the phenotypic plasticity of a number of traits that are traditionally considered to be taxonomically important. In order to achieve this, we have cultured six tardigrade species belonging to four eutardigrade families (Milnesiidae, Hypsibiidae, Isohypsibiidae, and Macrobiotidae) under five experimental regimes, reflecting key environmental factors that are likely to vary in natural habitats (i.e. temperature and food availability). We then measured a number of key taxonomic traits and compared their dimensions between the treatments. Over two years of experimentation we have obtained more than 28 000 morphometric measurements for over 2300 individuals. Such an extensive data set allowed us to test some of the fundamental assumptions of classic tardigrade taxonomy. We found that in the five parachelan species analysed, the great majority of both absolute and relative traits differed significantly between the treatments, whereas there were no significant differences in the apochelan species. Overall, tardigrades grew largest under the low-temperature treatment, whereas the smallest specimens were observed under high-temperature and low-food regimes. However, the prevalent statistical significance resulted mainly from the considerable statistical power of our analyses, and not from effect sizes, which varied mostly between low and moderate. In other words, the differences, although consistent, were minor in terms of taxonomical significance, and probably would not be considered by classic taxonomists as sufficient to designate animals from different treatments as separate taxa.

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The temperature–size rule in a rotifer is determined by the mother and at the egg stage

Cited by 18 publications

References 29 publications

Is oxygen limitation in warming waters a valid mechanism to explain decreased body sizes in aquatic ectotherms?

Is oxygen limitation in warming waters a valid mechanism to explain decreased body sizes in aquatic ectotherms?

What may a fussy creature reveal about body/cell size integration under stressful conditions?

Experimental taxonomy confirms the environmental stability of morphometric traits in a taxonomically challenging group of microinvertebrates

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