The temporal dynamics of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella enterica and predominant serovars in China

Abstract

Salmonella enterica is one of the most common bacterial pathogens in humans and animals. Systematic studies on the trends and geographical distribution of antimicrobial-resistant-Salmonella and dominant serovars have been well studied in European and American countries while not in China. Here, taking the One-Health strategy, we used > 35,000 Salmonella enterica isolates to explore the temporal and spatial dynamics of dominant serovars in China. We found that Salmonella Typhimurium was the dominant serovar causing human infection in China, which was consistent with Australia and inconsistent with North American and European countries. The proportion of Salmonella serovars Typhimurium, London, Rissen, Corvallis, Meleagridis, Kentucky, and Goldcoast showed an increasing trend during 2006–2019. We randomly selected 1962 isolates for comparative genomics and antimicrobial resistance studies and found that the number of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) per isolate increased 1.84 and 2.69 times of human and non-human origins respectively, spanning 14 years. The proportion of antimicrobial-resistant-Salmonella isolates had an increasing trend during 2006–2019, especially the beta-lactam, quinolone, tetracycline, and rifampicin resistance. Moreover, we found that higher diversity of sequence types (STs) in S. Typhimurium than in other serovars, ST34 from pig and ST19 from chicken origin were mainly associated with isolates caused children and adult gastro-infection respectively. Our results fill in the data gap on the trends of dominant serovars and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica in China. These data provide useful information for public health decision-makers prioritizing interventions for foodborne diseases and food safety.

Genomic investigation and nationwide tracking of pediatric invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella in China

“…Foodborne outbreak cases of Salmonella Goldcoast were mainly reported in Europe before [12][13][14][15] ; however, they have been increasingly observed in both the Chinese mainland and Taiwan, China nowadays 16,17 . Considering an emerging Salmonella serovar associated with human infections in China, One Health scale genomic tracking for S. Goldcoast was performed.…”

Genomic Characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar Weltevreden Associated with Human Diarrhea

“…To date, Salmonella strains are classified into 6 subspecies containing over 2,500 serovars ( 9 ). Several serovars, such as Typhimurium, Enteritidis, and Derby, are well-known as they are frequently detected in China and the other parts of the world ( 10 – 14 ). For example, a recent study analyzed 35,382 serotyped Salmonella in China between 1982 and 2019, and found Typhimurium was the most dominant serovar in the country, followed by Enteritidis and Derby ( 10 ).…”

“…Several serovars, such as Typhimurium, Enteritidis, and Derby, are well-known as they are frequently detected in China and the other parts of the world ( 10 – 14 ). For example, a recent study analyzed 35,382 serotyped Salmonella in China between 1982 and 2019, and found Typhimurium was the most dominant serovar in the country, followed by Enteritidis and Derby ( 10 ). In addition, the proportion of Typhimurium and other serovars, including London, Rissen, Corvallis, Meleagridis, Kentucky, and Goldcoast, displayed an increasing prevalence from 2006 to 2019 ( 10 ).…”

“…For example, a recent study analyzed 35,382 serotyped Salmonella in China between 1982 and 2019, and found Typhimurium was the most dominant serovar in the country, followed by Enteritidis and Derby ( 10 ). In addition, the proportion of Typhimurium and other serovars, including London, Rissen, Corvallis, Meleagridis, Kentucky, and Goldcoast, displayed an increasing prevalence from 2006 to 2019 ( 10 ). Apart from these common serovars, several new serovars, such as Telkebier ( 15 ), Uzaramo ( 16 ), Changwanni ( 17 ), and Weltevreden ( 18 ), have been also detected in China in recent years, which complicates surveillance and increases the risk of disease-outbreaks caused by these new serovars.…”

Genomic Diversity of Salmonella Infection from a Tertiary Hospital in China: Insights from Phenotypic and Molecular Analyses

“…To date, over 2500 Salmonella serotypes have been identi ed. S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis accounts for the majority of Salmonella infections in humans (5). Alarmingly, the emergence of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella serotypes, particularly against 3rd-generation cephalosporins and uoroquinolones, is having a great impact on the e cacy of antibiotic treatment, and an increasing prevalence of MDR strains may lead to an increase in mortality rates of Salmonella infections(6).…”