The temporal dynamics of the stress response

Koolhaas, Jaap M.; Meerlo, Peter; Boer, Sietse F. de; Strubbe, J.H.; Bohus, B.

doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(96)00057-7

Cited by 277 publications

(174 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…When a novel object was introduced into the "home aquaria" we observed a reduction in the time spent moving by fish of both selection lines. This is in agreement with numerous studies that have shown that rodents which are exposed to a stressor will reduce the intensity of the behaviour they are performing at the time when an aversive stimulus is introduced (Kudryavtseva, et al, 1991;Koolhaas, et al, 1997;Berton, et al, 1998). This tells us that the introduction of the novel object in this study had an effect on the fish, although it must be characterized as a low or medium intensity stimulus.…”

Section: Aggressionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Divergence in behavioural responses to stress in two strains of rainbow trout () with contrasting stress responsiveness

Schjolden

Bäckström²,

Pulman³

et al. 2005

Hormones and Behavior

115

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The aim of this study was to establish whether two lines of rainbow trout divergent for their plasma cortisol response to a standardized stressor would show consistent differences in their behavioural response to a range of challenging situations. Our results show that the high-and low-responding (HR and LR) lines of rainbow trout did not differ in the aggression shown towards an intruder or in their response to the introduction of a novel object to their home environment. However, there was a difference in behaviour between the two selection lines when they were exposed to two unfamiliar environments. These results suggest that the behaviour of the HR and LR fish differs when they are challenged in unfamiliar environments, while their behaviour does not differ when they are challenged in their home environment. These observations are in agreement with studies on mammals thatshow that individuals with reactive coping styles perform similarly to proactive animals when they are challenged in a familiar environment, while they show different behaviour when they are challenged in unfamiliar environments. Thus, these results provide further evidence that the HR and LR selection lines of rainbow trout exemplify the two different coping styles described in mammals.

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Section: Aggressionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Divergence in behavioural responses to stress in two strains of rainbow trout () with contrasting stress responsiveness

Schjolden

Bäckström²,

Pulman³

et al. 2005

Hormones and Behavior

115

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This general social fear is similar to the general social avoidance induced by chronic social defeat (Avgustinovich et al, 2005;Berton et al, 2006), where several dominant males are consecutively used to defeat a subordinate animal (Miczek, 1979;Rodgers and Randall 1986;Kabbaj et al, 2001). However, chronic social defeat also increased general anxiety (Keeney and Hogg, 1999;Avgustinovich et al, 2005;Berton et al, 2006;Denmark et al, 2010), decreased locomotor activity (Koolhaas et al, 1997;Rygula et al, 2005), and induced a depressive-like phenotype (Avgustinovich et al, 2005;Rygula et al, 2005;Berton et al, 2006;Hollis et al, 2010). Correspondingly, these behavioral changes might account for the decreased social investigation observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Social Fear Conditioning: A Novel and Specific Animal Model to Study Social Anxiety Disorder

Toth

Neumann

Slattery

2012

Neuropsychopharmacol

125

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Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a major health concern with high lifetime prevalence. The current medication is rather unspecific and, despite considerable efforts, its efficacy is still unsatisfactory. However, there are no appropriate and specific animal models available to study the underlying etiology of the disorder. Therefore, we aimed to establish a model of specific social fear in mice and use this social fear conditioning (SFC) model to assess the therapeutic efficacy of the benzodiazepine diazepam and of the antidepressant paroxetine; treatments currently used for SAD patients. We show that by administering electric foot shocks (2-5, 1 s, 0.7 mA) during the investigation of a con-specific, the investigation of unfamiliar con-specifics was reduced for both the short-and long-term, indicating lasting social fear. The induced fear was specific to social stimuli and did not lead to other behavioral alterations, such as fear of novelty, general anxiety, depression, and impaired locomotion. We show that social fear was dose-dependently reversed by acute diazepam, at doses that were not anxiolytic in a non-social context, such as the elevated plus maze. Finally, we show that chronic paroxetine treatment reversed social fear. All in all, we demonstrated robust social fear after exposure to SFC in mice, which was reversed with both acute benzodiazepine and chronic antidepressant treatment. We propose the SFC model as an appropriate animal model to identify the underlying etiology of SAD and possible novel treatment approaches.

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“…Recently, however, some authors have considered that these stressors have little heuristic value because they bear little or no relation to the environmental challenges an animal may face in its natural environment. From a biological standpoint, it seems that the social environment of a species can be a considerable source of stress (Blanchard et al, 1999; DeVries et al, 2003; Koolhaas et al, 1997). In many species, animals are organised in territories and a hierarchical rank of dominance is established.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic social stress in rainbow trout: Does it promote physiological habituation?

Fernandes-de-Castilho

Pottinger

Volpato

2008

General and Comparative Endocrinology

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The effect of chronic social stress on growth, energetic substrates and hormones was tested in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. After a 14-day isolation period, the fish were paired for 8 days. In order to expose fish to chronic intermittent social contact during pairing, they were maintained in direct contact with each other during the first day. After that, a black plastic screen partition was introduced in each tank, preventing direct contact between animals. Every day the partition was removed for 30 minutes, allowing physical interaction between fish. At the end of pairing period, they were isolated again for 13 days. Fish were weighed and blood was sampled frequently during the experiment. Plasma levels of cortisol, growth hormone, glucose, total protein and free amino acids were quantified. Both dominants and subordinates had specific growth rate decreased during the pairing period and but only subordinates increased when the stressor was abolished (dominants: 0.32 ± 0.21 and 0.24 ± 0.41, subordinates: -0.77 ± 0.29 and 0.37 ± 0.31, respectively). Dominants showed a higher cortisol level one week after pairing condition had been abolished than subordinates (dominants: 56.76 ± 13.26, subordinates:31.89 ± 13.36). We conclude that chronic condition of intermittent social stress represents a stressful condition for animals of both hierarchical ranks and a treatment of one daily short direct contact between conspecifics does not promote habituation in fish, as mentioned for other stressors.social stress, energetic of stress, hierarchical dominance, rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss.

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The temporal dynamics of the stress response

Cited by 277 publications

References 39 publications

Divergence in behavioural responses to stress in two strains of rainbow trout () with contrasting stress responsiveness

Divergence in behavioural responses to stress in two strains of rainbow trout () with contrasting stress responsiveness

Social Fear Conditioning: A Novel and Specific Animal Model to Study Social Anxiety Disorder

Chronic social stress in rainbow trout: Does it promote physiological habituation?

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