The temporal onset of individual symptoms in winter depression: differentiating underlying mechanisms

Young, Michael A.; Watel, Lucie G.; Lahmeyer, Henry W.; Eastman, Charmane I.

doi:10.1016/0165-0327(91)90065-z

Cited by 87 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Morningness is also a positive predictor of on response of nonseasonal depression to treatment (Corruble et al, 2014). As we did not obtain depression severity ratings in our participants, we could not determine if seasonality and/or depression (both components of a dual vulnerability model for SAD) (Chotai et al, 2004; Lam et al, 2001; Young et al, 1991) were related to the evening chronotype. Other limitations include not performing actual measurements of light intensity and wavelength in the Amish homes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronotype and seasonality: Morningness is associated with lower seasonal mood and behavior changes in the Old Order Amish

Zhang

Evans

Raheja

et al. 2015

Journal of Affective Disorders

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Background Several studies documented that lower scores on the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) are associated with a higher global seasonality of mood (GSS). As in the Modern Man artificial lighting predominantly extends evening activity and exposure to light, and as evening bright light phase is known to delay circadian rhythms, this chronic exposure could potentially lead to both lower Morningness as well as higher GSS. The aim of the study was to investigate if the MEQ-GSS relationship holds in the Old Order Amish of Lancaster County, PA., a population that does not use network electrical light Methods 489 Old Order Amish adults (47.6% women), with average (SD) age of 49.7(14.2) years, completed both the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ) for assessment of GSS, and MEQ. Associations between GSS scores and MEQ scores were analyzed using linear models, accounting for age, gender and relatedness by including the relationship matrix in the model as a random effect. Results GSS was inversely associated with MEQ scores (p=0.006, adjusted). Limitations include a potential recall bias associated with self-report questionnaires and no actual light exposure measurements. Conclusion We confirmed the previously reported inverse association between MEQ scores and lower seasonality of mood, for the first time in a population that does not use home network electrical lighting. This result suggests that the association is not a byproduct of exposure to network electric light, and calls for additional research to investigate mechanisms by which Morningness is negatively associated with seasonality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronotype and seasonality: Morningness is associated with lower seasonal mood and behavior changes in the Old Order Amish

Zhang

Evans

Raheja

et al. 2015

Journal of Affective Disorders

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“…For example, Iacoviello et al (2013) found that the patterns of onsets and offsets of individual symptoms of hopelessness depression were consistent with those proposed by the theory of a hopelessness depression subtype. For SAD, the observation of different temporal patterns of onset for different types of symptoms (Young, Watel, Lahmeyer, & Eastman, 1991) led to the dual vulnerability model of SAD in which psychological responses to environmentally triggered vegetative symptoms (e.g., sleep disturbance, fatigue, appetite changes) lead to the cognitive and affective symptoms that, in combination, constitute the full depressive syndrome. Tests of the dual vulnerability model have been supportive (e.g., Enggasser & Young, 2007; Whitcomb-Smith et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of depressive symptom remission during the treatment of seasonal affective disorder with cognitive-behavioral therapy or light therapy

2018

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Symptom remission progressed comparably across CBT-SAD and LT for most symptoms. Despite the fact that the two treatments led to similar remission rates and improvements at treatment endpoint, for early insomnia, psychic anxiety, hypersomnia, and social withdrawal, LT led to symptom remission faster than CBT-SAD. These results suggest different mechanisms and pathways to the same therapeutic end. Speedier remission of early insomnia and hypersomnia is consistent with the theory that SAD is related to a pathological circadian phase-shift that can be corrected with LT.

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“…Fava and Tossani [31] reviewed the evidence for this, drawing predominantly on association studies. The authors emphasized three key issues: (1) that anxiety and irritability are commonly observed in the prodromal phase of depression [30,32,33,34,35]; (2) that subthreshold or minor depression is implicated as a risk factor for the development of major depression, which reinforces the notion that depressive symptoms occur on a continuum rather than in discrete categories [36,37,38], and (3) that these symptoms are present in the first and subsequent episodes of major depression, which may inform efforts toward relapse prevention [31]. Building on Fava’s work, this notion of a prodrome has the potential to provide a recognizable point of intervention to prevent the onset of a first episode.…”

Section: A Prodrome Of Depressive Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evidence shows that those who experience major depressive disorder have previously experienced subsyndromal depression [59] and that those with subsyndromal depression, brief depressive experiences, dysthymic disorder and premenstrual dysphoric disorder are at a higher risk of developing major depressive disorder [35, 36, 57,60,61,62,63,64,65]. Risk of future suicide-related behaviors [61] as well as mortality [66] are as significant in those with subsyndromal depression as in those with a depressive disorder.…”

Section: Operationalizing the Early Stages Of Depressive Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Identification and Intervention in Depressive Disorders: Towards a Clinical Staging Model

Hetrick¹,

Parker²,

Ib³

et al. 2008

Psychother Psychosom

145

102

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Background: Depressive disorders are common and associated risks include the onset of secondary disorders, substance use disorders, impairment in social and occupational functioning, and an increase in suicidality. As the onset often occurs in youth, there is a clear imperative for early identification and intervention to ameliorate, if not prevent, associated distress. Methods: An extensive search of relevant databases and an ancestry search was undertaken. Results: There is a limited but growing body of literature on this topic that is discussed in relation to a clinical staging model, which may prove to be a useful framework for identifying where an individual lies along the continuum of the course of a depressive illness thus allowing interventions to be matched for that stage. The identification of a subsyndromal and prodromal stage of depressive disorders provides early intervention opportunities. Conclusions: It is argued that a clinical staging heuristic may increase the number of those treated early, which may in turn delay or prevent onset, reduce severity, or prevent progression in the course of depressive disorders.

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The temporal onset of individual symptoms in winter depression: differentiating underlying mechanisms

Cited by 87 publications

References 18 publications

Chronotype and seasonality: Morningness is associated with lower seasonal mood and behavior changes in the Old Order Amish

Chronotype and seasonality: Morningness is associated with lower seasonal mood and behavior changes in the Old Order Amish

Patterns of depressive symptom remission during the treatment of seasonal affective disorder with cognitive-behavioral therapy or light therapy

Early Identification and Intervention in Depressive Disorders: Towards a Clinical Staging Model

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