The Temporal Raphe of the Human Retina

Vrabec, F

doi:10.1016/0002-9394(66)91920-9

Cited by 81 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Thus, morphological changes of the temporal subfields may influence macular function, so that measuring ERG parameters of these subfields might be useful for estimating the prognosis. Although the presence of the temporal raphe [21] may have influenced our results, the reason why the implicit times of both the cone b-wave and 30-Hz flicker were correlated with retinal thickness in the temporal region remains unclear, so further investigation will be needed. Although retinal thickness and retinal volume were both correlated with a similar proportion of ERG parameters, multiple regression analysis demonstrated that only the retinal thickness and volume of the temporal subfields were significant ''determinants'' of ERG parameters (implicit time of the cone b-wave, 30-Hz flicker amplitude, and implicit time of the 30-Hz flicker).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Association of electroretinogram and morphological findings in branch retinal vein occlusion with macular edema

et al. 2011

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The objective of this study is to evaluate the relations among electroretinogram parameters (cone a-wave, cone b-wave, and 30-Hz flicker), retinal thickness, and retinal volume in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) and macular edema. We prospectively examined 33 patients (33 eyes) with BRVO and macular edema. The amplitude and implicit time of the a-wave cone, b-wave cone, and 30-Hz flicker were calculated automatically from the ERG. Retinal thickness and volume were measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in nine macular subfields. Then, correlations between the ERG parameters and morphological parameters were analyzed. The 30-Hz flicker amplitude was significantly smaller in the eyes with BRVO and macular edema than in the unaffected contralateral eyes. Thirty-hertz flicker and cone b-wave implicit times were significantly longer in the eyes with macular edema than in the unaffected eyes. The implicit time of the cone b-wave was correlated with both retinal thickness and retinal volume in the temporal subfields. Thirty-hertz flicker amplitude was correlated with both retinal thickness and volume in the temporal and superior outer (site of occlusion) subfields, while 30-Hz flicker implicit time was correlated with retinal thickness and volume in the outer temporal subfield. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the retinal thickness and volume of the temporal subfields were significant "determinants" of the implicit time for the cone b-wave and 30-Hz flicker, as well as the 30-Hz flicker amplitude. These findings suggest that OCT parameters of the temporal region may reflect postreceptoral cone pathway function in BRVO patients with macular edema.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Association of electroretinogram and morphological findings in branch retinal vein occlusion with macular edema

et al. 2011

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“…The authors suggested this could be as a result of some fibers crossing the raphe slightly as observed in histological studies. 17 We propose that a more likely reason for these two points to be related in a large database is an anatomical link between them in some patients. This would be the result of an ONH sufficiently above or below the horizontal midline through the fovea for the shortest path from the visual field location to the ONH to be to the opposite side of the ONH to that conventionally expected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Anatomically Customizable Computational Model Relating the Visual Field to the Optic Nerve Head in Individual Eyes

Denniss

McKendrick²,

Turpin

2012

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE. To present a computational model mapping visual field (VF) locations to optic nerve head (ONH) sectors accounting for individual ocular anatomy, and to describe the effects of anatomical variability on maps produced. METHODS.A previous model that related retinal locations to ONH sectors was adapted to model eyes with varying axial length, ONH position and ONH dimensions. Maps (n ¼ 11,550) relating VF locations (24-2 pattern, n ¼ 52 non-blind-spot locations) to 18 ONH sectors were generated for a range of clinically plausible anatomical parameters. Infrequently mapped ONH sectors (5%) were discarded for all locations. The influence of anatomical variables on the maps was explored by multiple linear regression.RESULTS. Across all anatomical variants, for individual VF locations (24-2), total number of mapped 18 ONH sectors ranged from 12 to 90. Forty-one locations varied more than 308. In five nasal-step locations, mapped ONH sectors were bimodally distributed, mapping to vertically opposite ONH sectors depending on vertical ONH position. Mapped ONH sectors were significantly influenced (P < 0.0002) by axial length, ONH position, and ONH dimensions for 39, 52, and 30 VF locations, respectively. On average across all VF locations, vertical ONH position explained the most variance in mapped ONH sector, followed by horizontal ONH position, axial length, and ONH dimensions. CONCLUSIONS.Relations between ONH sectors and many VF locations are strongly anatomy-dependent. Our model may be used to produce customized maps from VF locations to the ONH in individual eyes where some simple biometric parameters are known. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012; 53:6981-6990) DOI:10.1167/iovs.12-9657 I maging devices are increasingly available for measuring optic nerve head (ONH) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) parameters. These devices offer alternative, complementary information to functional tests such as perimetry and electrophysiology for the diagnosis and management of optic neuropathies. Commonly, such as in glaucoma, no single test presents a complete picture of a patient's disease state and as such, it is desirable to compare and combine information from different tests.In the case of glaucoma, combining imaging with perimetry is clinically desirable for at least two reasons. First, it is desirable to combine results from structural and functional tests post hoc to improve sensitivity and specificity of both disease detection and progression measures. Second, imaging data may be useful in developing patient-specific targeted functional tests, for example by customizing the locations tested in a perimetric procedure.In order for these objectives to be achieved, it is necessary to know the topographic relationship between regions of the ONH and retinal (and, therefore, visual field) locations. Several such schemes have been published as a result of different techniques being applied to populations of patients in order to relate ONH and visual field locations. Garway-Heath et al. 1 traced visible nerve fiber bundle...

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“…In order to combine OCT and perimetric data, it is necessary to map locations in visual space to the anatomical images. Since axons originating in the temporal retina follow a path to the optic nerve head that avoids the fovea, such maps need to incorporate the location of the temporal raphe: the boundary between axons that follow a superior course and those that follow an inferior course [1]. The location of the temporal raphe is particularly important for glaucoma because characteristic visual field losses, such as nasal steps and arcuate shaped patterns, occur in this region [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic identification of the temporal retinal nerve fiber raphe from macular cube data

Bedggood¹,

Tanabe²,

McKendrick³

et al. 2016

Biomed. Opt. Express

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Abstract:We evaluated several approaches for automatic location of the temporal nerve fiber raphe from standard macular cubes acquired on a Heidelberg Spectralis OCT. Macular cubes with B-scan separation of 96-122 µm were acquired from 15 healthy participants, and "high density" cubes with scan separation of 11 µm were acquired from the same eyes. These latter scans were assigned to experienced graders for subjective location of the raphe, providing the ground truth by which to compare methods operating on the lower density data. A variety of OCT scan parameters and image processing strategies were trialed. Vertically oriented scans, purposeful misalignment of the pupil to avoid reflective artifacts, and the use of intensity as opposed to thickness of the nerve fiber layer were all critical to minimize error. The best performing approach "cFan" involved projection of a fan of lines from each of several locations across the foveal pit; in each fan the line of least average intensity was identified. The centroid of the crossing points of these lines provided the raphe orientation with an average error of 1.5° (max = 4.1°) relative to the human graders. The disc-fovea-raphe angle was 172.4 ± 2.3° (range = 168.5-176.2°), which agrees well with other published estimates.

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The Temporal Raphe of the Human Retina

Cited by 81 publications

References 3 publications

Association of electroretinogram and morphological findings in branch retinal vein occlusion with macular edema

Association of electroretinogram and morphological findings in branch retinal vein occlusion with macular edema

An Anatomically Customizable Computational Model Relating the Visual Field to the Optic Nerve Head in Individual Eyes

Automatic identification of the temporal retinal nerve fiber raphe from macular cube data

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