The terahertz metamaterials for sensitive biosensors in the detection of ethanol solutions

Li, Fuyu; He, Ke; Tang, Tingting; Mao, Yinghui; Wang, Rui; Li, Chaoyang; Shen, Jian

doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2020.126287

Cited by 60 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Herein, TTM-1 has smaller S value but higher FOM value as its Q-factor is higher than that of TTM-2 when h = 4 µm. These values are better than those of metamaterial-based sensors reported in the literature papers [48][49][50][51] as summarized in Table 2. Q-factors, S, and FOM values of the proposed TTM devices are greatly improved by elevating the inner SRRs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 59%

Design of Tunable Terahertz Metamaterial Sensor with Single- and Dual-Resonance Characteristic

Yang

Lin

2021

Nanomaterials

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We present two types of refractive index sensors by using tunable terahertz (THz) metamaterial (TTM) based on two concentric split-ring resonators (SRRs) with different splits. By modifying the distance between SRRs and substrate, TTM shows tunable single- and dual-resonance characteristic. The maximum tuning range of resonance is 0.432 THz from 0.958 THz to 1.390 THz. To demonstrate a great flexibility of TTM in real application, TTM device is exposed on the surrounding ambient with different refractive index (n). The sensitivity of TTM can be enhanced by increasing SRR height, which is increased from 0.18 THz/RIU to 1.12 THz/RIU under the condition of n = 1.1. These results provide a strategy to improve the sensing performance of the metamaterial-based sensing device by properly arranging the geometric position of meta-atoms. The proposed TTM device can be used for tunable filters, frequency-selective detectors, and tunable high-efficiency sensors in the THz frequency range.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 59%

Design of Tunable Terahertz Metamaterial Sensor with Single- and Dual-Resonance Characteristic

Yang

Lin

2021

Nanomaterials

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“…FOM is described as [47]: (2) where s stands for the sensitivity and the FWHM indicates the full width at half maximum. A quality factor Q is another merit to ensure sensor's performance and it is defined as [44]:…”

Section: Design and Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Varshney and co-authors presented a highly sensitive differential sensor based on ELC that can detect the purity of a product which is proved by detecting termite infestation in wood with 150 MHz of absolute sensitivity [43]. Li et al presented a biosensor for the detection of ethanol solution using THzbased metamaterials and achieved the highest sensitivity of 112 GHz/RIU [44].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Encoding and Tuning of THz Metasurface-Based Refractive Index Sensor With Behavior Prediction Using XGBoost Regressor

et al. 2022

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We have investigated graphene-based three various refractive index sensors (split ring resonator (SRR), split ring resonator with thin wire (SRRTW), and thin wire (TW) refractive index sensors) for the encoding and sensing-based applications. The sensors are designed to detect the presence of hemoglobin biomolecules with high sensitivity. The results are analyzed in the form of transmittance, and electric field, and detailed sensitivity analysis is also carried out for the proposed graphene-based refractive index sensors for four various concentrations of hemoglobin biomolecules. We have also investigated the sensor's performance in terms of quality factor, Q, and figure of merit (FOM). The encoding of '0' and '1' is attained by varying the graphene chemical potential fulfilling the one-digit coding. An array of these sensors can then be used for encoding-based applications. The detailed analysis of reported sensors is also carried out by checking the effect of varying physical parameters such as substrate thickness, split ring gap, and thin wire width on tunability. These sensors can be applied in biomedical or encoding-based applications. Experiments are performed using XGBoost regressor to determine, whether simulation time and resources can be reduced by using regression analysis to predict the transmittance values of intermediate frequency or not. Experimental results prove that regression analysis using XGBoost Regressor can reduce the simulation time and resources by at least 70 percent.

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“…Table 1 shows a comparison between the performance of the MMA sensor designed in this work and the structure reported in the literature. The design structure reported in this work has many qualities different from those reported in the literature, such as a high absorptivity, high sensitivity and high narrow bandwidth in the low frequency band; and a high Q-factor and FOM [17][18][19][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]32].…”

Section: Figure 12 Effect Of Sample Thickness Variation On the Absormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, a metamaterialbased label-free sensor for waste oil and edible oil detection with a frequency shift of 130.0 GHz was modeled [20]. Li et al [21] designed a novel terahertz biosensor with an asymmetrically fractured double-ring resonator. The simulation results showed that when the coating thickness is 5 µm , the sensitivity to an ethanol solution (analyte) is 103.7 GHz/RIU, 107.1 GHz/RIU, or 112.05 GHz/RIU.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terahertz Sensor With Resonance Enhancement Based on Square Split-Ring Resonators

et al. 2021

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A novel design of a nearly perfect metamaterial absorber based on square split-ring resonators for terahertz sensing applications is proposed and analyzed. The design in this report is simulated and analyzed by using standard numerical simulation software. Magnetic and electric resonant field enhancement in the impedance matched absorber cavity enables stronger interaction with the dielectric analyte. The proposed structure is based on the simultaneous increase in the electromagnetic field and the surface current distribution at the resonance frequency. An absorptivity of 99% is achieved at 0.53 THz with a narrow resonance peak and a Q-factor of 44.17. At a fixed analyte thickness, the resonance frequency is sensitive to the refractive index of the surrounding medium. The influence of the thickness of the covering sample on the sensitivity and absorption coefficient of the absorber is comprehensively analyzed, and the reported design can be used as a refractive index sensor with a high sensitivity of 126.0 GHz/RIU and a figure of merit of 10.5 in the refractive index range from 1.0 to 2.0 at an analyte thickness of 15.0 µm. The results show that the sensor has high sensitivity to the analyte covering it. The sensor not only exhibits good sensitivity to thin analytes but also shows high sensitivity to analytes more than 10 µm thick in the terahertz low frequency band. Specifically, the sensitivity changes rapidly when the thickness of the sample changes in the range of 0-6 µm, but slowly in the range of 6-16 µm. In general, the response of the resonance frequency to changes in the refractive index of the sample becomes more sensitive as the thickness of the sample is increased from 0 to 16 µm . The reported terahertz sensor of a metamaterial absorber has potential applications in biomedical sensing and trace detection of substances.

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The terahertz metamaterials for sensitive biosensors in the detection of ethanol solutions

Cited by 60 publications

References 16 publications

Design of Tunable Terahertz Metamaterial Sensor with Single- and Dual-Resonance Characteristic

Design of Tunable Terahertz Metamaterial Sensor with Single- and Dual-Resonance Characteristic

Encoding and Tuning of THz Metasurface-Based Refractive Index Sensor With Behavior Prediction Using XGBoost Regressor

Terahertz Sensor With Resonance Enhancement Based on Square Split-Ring Resonators

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