The ternary subsystem indium bismuthide-bismuth-tin

Thermodynamic re-optimisation of the Bi–In–Sn system based on new experimental data

“…Moreover, the present experiments and calculations suggest that both nonvariant equilibria L-␥-␤-InBi 2 and L-(Bi)-(Sn)-InBi correspond to eutectic reactions. This is in contradiction to the models proposed by Yoon et al [11] and Moelans et al [12] which propose quasiperitectic reactions, but agrees well with the model of Ohnuma et al [9] and also with the majority of experimental data on phase equilibria [5,7,8,10]. Direct observations of growth using unidirectional solidification techniques [1][2][3][4][5] also confirm the eutectic nature of these reactions.…”

“…4-7 with experimental data from literature being included. From these vertical sections one can conclude that the experimental points from [7,8,10,11,14] characterising the liquidus and solidus line agree well with the corresponding calculated values. The calculations also verify the results of [11] and [12], regarding the conclusion that both BiIn-Sn and BiIn 2 -Sn systems (see Fig.…”

“…Moreover, these experiments have provided data on the solubility of the three components in the phases that co-exist at the solid/liquid interface during coupled eutectic growth, the temperature of the interface being close to the temperature of the nonvariant eutectic reaction. It was found, that the chemical composition of the phases coexisting at 59 and 77 • C are different from those reported in literature for both, experimental investigations [6][7][8]10,11] and CALPHAD descriptions [9,11,12] of the Bi-In-Sn phase diagram. This regards mainly the solubility of indium in (Sn) solid solution (BCT phase) and in the ␥-phase.…”

“…[11] and Moelans et al [12], stemming from thermal analysis, light optical microscopy, XRD , SEM and EDX data of [6][7][8]10,11,13,14]. Additionally to these, all data obtained experimentally in [1] and in the present work were equally used.…”

“…The microstructures obtained experimentally allowed to verify the validity of two different descriptions of the Bi-In-Sn phase diagram proposed in the literature, namely a description that assumes eutectic [6][7][8][9] and another that assumes peritectic [10][11][12] reactions involving the liquid, BiIn 2 , ␥ and ␤ phases. All solidification patterns are rather consistent with the eutectic description [1].…”