The test method of composting in vermiculite is unaffected by the priming effect

Bellia, Gaetano; Tosin, Maurizio; Innocenti, Francesco Degli

doi:10.1016/s0141-3910(00)00048-3

Cited by 36 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The priming effect is the over-degradation of the indigenous organic carbon present in the compost when testing materials like glucose and its polymers [46]. Figure 12 shows an excellent example of the priming effect.…”

Section: Priming Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Jan14 test, the GC curve displayed an unusual high production of CO 2 in comparison with CP and CS (also readily biodegradable materials), and a mineralization near 200%, which physically makes no sense; the additional carbon converted to CO 2 is coming from the compost and not from the sample material. It has been demonstrated that vermiculite is a good microbial carrier allowing the survival and full activity of the microorganisms, and it can be used as the solid media in biodegradation tests for avoiding the priming effect [46]. It has also been suggested that vermiculite increases reproducibility and aids in recovery of the by-products released during the degradation process, which is useful for determination of carbon balances [38,96].…”

Section: Priming Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The amount of CO 2 evolved from the PLA1 bioreactors varied from 19.5 to 30.8 g at day 60, while the mineralization varied from 47.4 to 68%.However, the production of CO 2 and mineralization increased as the molecular weight of PLA decreased, reaching a maximum mineralization of 109.1% with the lowest molecular weight. Mineralization over 100% is an indication of the priming effect, which is attributed to the over-degradation of the indigenous organic carbon present in the compost when testing materials like glucose and its polymers[46], further discussed in Section 3.3.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insights on the aerobic biodegradation of polymers by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide in simulated composting conditions

Castro‐Aguirre

Auras

Selke

et al. 2017

Polymer Degradation and Stability

119

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The development of novel biodegradable polymers as a way to create sustainable materials has required the development of methodologies to evaluate and understand their biodegradation. In this work, we first provide a critical summary of selected biodegradation tests performed in the last fifteen years for a number of biodegradable materials, providing relevant information about the materials tested, characteristics of the compost used and the method for testing. Then, we report a comparative analysis of the results obtained from eight different biodegradation tests performed in simulated composting conditions by analysis of evolved CO 2 and carried out in an in-house built direct measurement respirometer. The materials evaluated for biodegradation were cellulose, starch, glycerol, polyethylene, and poly(lactic acid). Our results along with the information provided in the literature allowed us to identify that one of the main issues of biodegradation testing is the low reproducibility due to the number of variables involved in the biodegradation process. It is difficult to provide fair comparisons of samples that are not within the same test. Therefore, we provide a critical overview of the different factors affecting the biodegradability, biodegradation rate, and biodegradation mechanisms of polymeric materials. Furthermore, we share the experiences and insights gained during the performance of the different biodegradation tests, and identify areas of opportunity for improving biodegradation testing through evolved CO 2. This information should create a common knowledge platform for people interested in studying the biodegradation of materials.

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Section: Priming Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Priming Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Insights on the aerobic biodegradation of polymers by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide in simulated composting conditions

Castro‐Aguirre

Auras

Selke

et al. 2017

Polymer Degradation and Stability

119

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It seems that PLA-OMMT7.5 has the highest average mineralization and the fastest biodegradation rate in which the lag time was only around five days. However, mineralization values above 100% indicate the presence of a priming effect, in which the additional carbon converted to CO 2 , is not coming from the sample material but from the over-degradation of the indigenous organic carbon present in the compost [ 47 , 64 ]. Again, the initial molecular weight of the films should influence the observed results.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Nanoclays on the Biodegradation of Poly(Lactic Acid) Nanocomposites

et al. 2018

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Poly(lactic acid) (PLA), a well-known biodegradable and compostable polymer, was used in this study as a model system to determine if the addition of nanoclays affects its biodegradation in simulated composting conditions and whether the nanoclays impact the microbial population in a compost environment. Three different nanoclays were studied due to their different surface characteristics but similar chemistry: organo-modified montmorillonite (OMMT), Halloysite nanotubes (HNT), and Laponite ® RD (LRD). Additionally, the organo-modifier of MMT, methyl, tallow, bis-2-hydroxyethyl, quaternary ammonium (QAC), was studied. PLA and PLA bio-nanocomposite (BNC) films were produced, characterized, and used for biodegradation evaluation with an in-house built direct measurement respirometer (DMR) following the analysis of evolved CO 2 approach. A biofilm formation essay and scanning electron microscopy were used to evaluate microbial attachment on the surface of PLA and BNCs. The results obtained from four different biodegradation tests with PLA and its BNCs showed a significantly higher mineralization of the films containing nanoclay in comparison to the pristine PLA during the first three to four weeks of testing, mainly attributed to the reduction in the PLA lag time. The effect of the nanoclays on the initial molecular weight during processing played a crucial role in the evolution of CO 2 . PLA-LRD5 had the greatest microbial attachment on the surface as confirmed by the biofilm test and the SEM micrographs, while PLA-QAC0.4 had the lowest biofilm formation that may be attributed to the inhibitory effect also found during the biodegradation test when the QAC was tested by itself.

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“…Due to various physical as well as biological forces depolymerisation can be observed. The physical forces such as temperature, moisture, pressure cause mechanical damage to the polymers [6]. A large number of microorganisms have found to produce enzymes which degrade plastics and many more metallic as well as non metallic compounds.…”

Section: …………………………………………………………………………………………………… Introduction:-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of Environmental Pollution by Effective Utilization of Fly-Ash Produced by Thermal Power Plants in Cultivated Land and Biodegradation of Plastic Using Pseudomonas Sp. Isolated From Waste Water.

De.¹,

Parvin.²,

Banerjee.³

et al. 2017

IJAR

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The test method of composting in vermiculite is unaffected by the priming effect

Cited by 36 publications

References 8 publications

Insights on the aerobic biodegradation of polymers by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide in simulated composting conditions

Insights on the aerobic biodegradation of polymers by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide in simulated composting conditions

Impact of Nanoclays on the Biodegradation of Poly(Lactic Acid) Nanocomposites

Control of Environmental Pollution by Effective Utilization of Fly-Ash Produced by Thermal Power Plants in Cultivated Land and Biodegradation of Plastic Using Pseudomonas Sp. Isolated From Waste Water.

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