The Test of Self-Conscious Affect-3 in Japanese University Students

Hasui, Chieko; Kitamura, Toshinori; Atsuko, Tamaki; Takahashi, Mari; Masuda, Sanae; Ozeki, N

doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e3181a61f52

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The reason for the relatively lower Cronbach's α value for subscales of α and β pride could be attributed to the fewer number of items. Hasui et al (2009) showed similar results regarding the Cronbach's α for the Japanese version of TOSCA-3.…”

Section: Measurementssupporting

confidence: 80%

Narcissism: Its function in modulating self-conscious emotions

Uji¹,

Nagata²,

Kitamura

2012

Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic

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This study focused on the functional aspects of narcissism in regulating self-conscious emotions (guilt, shame, hubristic pride, and achievement-oriented pride) as well as two other attribution styles (externalization and detachment). The authors investigated Japanese university students (N = 452) with regard to their self-conscious emotions using the Test of Self-Conscious Affect-3 (TOSCA-3) and their narcissistic personality using the short version of Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI-S). Structural equation modeling was used for the analysis. The authors found that narcissism led individuals to feel achievement-oriented pride, hubristic pride, externalization, and detachment, but inhibited feelings of shame. It did not have a significant effect on guilt. Shame-proneness prompted hubristic pride and externalization. Guilt-proneness inclined an individual toward achievement-oriented pride, but deterred externalization. In this article, the authors present and interpret these results in detail and then discuss how they can be utilized in psychotherapy.

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Section: Measurementssupporting

confidence: 80%

Narcissism: Its function in modulating self-conscious emotions

Uji¹,

Nagata²,

Kitamura

2012

Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic

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“…Third, TOSCA scales can predict higher social desirability (e.g., Hasui et al, 2009), and in the present project, participants responded to morality-relevant measures in a group setting where demand characteristic could perhaps influence reactions to questionnaire items. Future research may need to explore those possibilities.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, Japanese investigations using university age students as the research participants have confirmed that the TOSCA Shame Scale predicts maladjustment, but they have offered little or no support for the idea that the TOSCA Guilt Scale operationalizes adjustment (Hasui et al, 2009;Uji, Kitamura, & Nagata, 2011a,b;Uji, Nagata, & Kitamura, 2012). In short, the meaning of the TOSCA Shame and Guilt Scales across cultures clearly deserves additional research attention, especially in older samples.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the recent observation of parallel correlations across Korean, Japanese, and American children (Furukawa et al, 2012), the general expectation was that the TOSCA Shame Scale would predict maladjustment and that the TOSCA Guilt Scale would predict adjustment in Iran, just as it does in university-age research participants in the West (e.g., Tangney & Dearing, 2002). On the other hand, examination of Iranian university students made it possible to explore the possibility suggested in Japanese studies that the TOSCA Guilt Scale might not have more adaptive implications in older non-Western samples (Hasui et al 2009;Uji et al, 2011aUji et al, ,b, 2012.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Shame and Guilt: Relationships of Test of Self-Conscious Affect Measures With Psychological Adjustment and Gender Differences in Iran

Ghorbani

Watson

Salimian

et al. 2013

IJPR

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In numerous studies conducted in Western societies, shame as measured by the Test of Self-Conscious Affect (TOSCA) has correlated with maladjustment whereas the TOSCA Guilt Scale has predicted adjustment. The present investigation sought to determine if such linkages would also appear in the Muslim cultural context of Iran. Iranian university students (N = 132) responded to Shame and Guilt Scales from the third version of the TOSCA, along with an array of personality measures. Shame correlated negatively with adjustment and positively with maladjustment. Guilt displayed an opposite pattern of relationships. As in previous Western investigations, women scored higher than men on guilt, but the expected female elevation in shame failed to appear. Shame, nevertheless, interacted with gender to predict relationships with poorer psychological functioning in women, but not in men. These data most importantly confirmed that the TOSCA Shame and Guilt Scales in Iran display implications similar to those observed in the West and that gender differences in Iran may deserve additional research attention.

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“…In exploring this possibility, Furukawa, Tangney, and Higashibara (2012) found that Korean, Japanese, and American children displayed differences in their average levels of shame and guilt, but linkages of these measures with other variables were similar across cultures. Japanese investigations examining university students also found that the TOSCA Shame Scale predicted maladjustment, but yielded little or no support for the contention that its guilt scale operationalized a more adaptive form of functioning (Hasui, Kitamura, Tamaki, Takahashi, Masuda, & Ozeki, 2009;Uji, Kitamura, & Nagata, 2011a, 2011bUji, Nagata, & Kitamura, 2012). In comparison to Western findings, therefore, studies in the Far East suggest that average levels of these moral affects may be different, that shame displays conceptually similar patterns of relationships with other measures, but that guilt may develop with less positive mental health implications.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Moral Affects, Empathy, and Integrative Self-Knowledge in Iran

Ghorbani

Watson

Lotfi

et al. 2014

Imagination, Cognition and Personality

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In the more individualistic West, guilt promotes and shame interferes with empathic sensitivity. This investigation sought to determine if similar results would appear in the presumably more interdependent cultural context of Iran. Iranian university students (N = 220) responded to guilt and shame scales along with measures of other-oriented empathy and empathic distress. As in the West, guilt predicted greater other-oriented empathy, shame correlated positively with empathic distress, and relationships with integrative self-knowledge, self-esteem, covert narcissism, depression, and anxiety confirmed guilt and other-oriented empathy as adaptive and shame and empathic distress as maladaptive. Integrative self-knowledge mediated shame but not guilt relationships with other measures. In contrast to Western findings, Iranian women did not score higher on shame, and guilt correlated positively with empathic distress. These data confirmed Iranian parallels with the previously reported dynamics of empathy and moral affects in the West, but Iranian differences also pointed toward the need for additional research.

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The Test of Self-Conscious Affect-3 in Japanese University Students

Cited by 16 publications

References 14 publications

Narcissism: Its function in modulating self-conscious emotions

Narcissism: Its function in modulating self-conscious emotions

Shame and Guilt: Relationships of Test of Self-Conscious Affect Measures With Psychological Adjustment and Gender Differences in Iran

Moral Affects, Empathy, and Integrative Self-Knowledge in Iran

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