The test-retest reliability of a one legged hop for distance in young adults with and without ACL reconstruction

Paterno, Mark V.; Greenberger, Hilary B.

doi:10.3233/ies-1996-6101

Cited by 43 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…In the study of Paterno and Greenberger [23], the test-retest has been shown to be a reliable test for both young adults with healthy knees and those who have had an ACL reconstruction. They also concluded that this test may aid clinicians in determining whether patients are ready to return to prior level of activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Simple Measurements in Assessing Muscle Performance After an ACL Reconstruction

Järvelä

Kannus²,

Latvala

et al. 2002

Int J Sports Med

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of the simple measurements of the muscle performance of the lower extremity, one legged hop testing for distance and the measurement of the circumference of the thigh 15 cm proximal to the joint line, by comparing them to the isokinetic strength testing 5 to 9 years after an ACL reconstruction with a bone-patellar tendon-bone (BTB) autograft. The measurements were performed on 86 patients on average 7 years after the surgery. The clinical evaluation was performed using the standard knee ligament evaluation form of the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and the Lysholm and the Marshall knee scores. At seven years, the isokinetic mean strength deficit of knee extension at the 60 degrees per second was 10 % in the operated limb as compared to the contralateral limb (NS). In the knee flexion, the differences were even smaller and statistically not significant either. The strength deficit of the knee extension at all knee angle velocities (p < 0.005), and flexion at 60 degrees per second (p < 0.05), correlated to the one legged hop testing, so that the patients with the greatest strength deficit also had the worst outcome in the one legged hop test. Also, the correlation between thigh atrophy and the deficit in the isokinetic strength test was significant in knee extension at all knee angle velocities (p < 0.001), and in knee flexion at 180 degrees per second (p < 0.005). In the final evaluation of the IKDC, 21 patients were rated as "normal", 51 as "nearly normal", 13 as "abnormal", and one as "severely abnormal". The mean of the Lysholm score was 83, classified as good, and that of Marshall score 43, classified as good. In conclusion, the one legged hop testing, as a functional muscle strength testing after an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, seems to correlate well with the isokinetic strength testing of the knee, especially in the knee extension. Because the hop testing can be easily performed and without extra equipment, we recommend its use for the evaluation of the functional muscle performance after an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. The measurement of the thigh atrophy is also easy to perform, and should be used beside the one legged hop testing, especially if the isokinetic strength testing is not available.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…On the other hand, functional tests have been developed for the evaluation of the muscular status of the lower limbs, and some studies have shown their reliability in the clinical work [13,23,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple Measurements in Assessing Muscle Performance After an ACL Reconstruction

Järvelä

Kannus²,

Latvala

et al. 2002

Int J Sports Med

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“…Several authors have described and tested the reliability of the single-leg hop for distance in healthy subjects [7, 14,32] and patients after an ACL injury [10,14]. ICC values ranging from 0.89 and 0.97 are reported [14,32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tests were chosen on the basis of hop tests commonly described in the literature [1][2][3][4][5][6][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21], as well as clinical experience, and were designed to reflect various hop qualities. The tests should also be easy to administer in a clinical setting.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Single-leg hop tests are commonly used to evaluate functional performance after an ACL injury [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] or reconstruction [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. To some degree, hop tests have been able to discriminate between the hop performance of the injured and uninjured side in patients with an ACL injury and between controls and patients [1,2,4,7,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A test battery for evaluating hop performance in patients with an ACL injury and patients who have undergone ACL reconstruction

Gustavsson

Neeter

Thomeé

et al. 2006

Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthr

423

478

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The purpose of this study was to develop a test battery of hop tests with high ability to discriminate (i.e. high test-retest reliability, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy) between the hop performance of the injured and the uninjured side in patients with an ACL injury and in patients who have undergone ACL reconstruction. Five hop tests were analysed: three maximum single hop tests and two hop tests while developing fatigue. Fifteen healthy subjects performed the five hop tests on three separate occasions in a test-retest design. Thirty patients, mean 11 months after an ACL injury and 35 patients, mean 6 months after ACL reconstruction were tested. ICC values ranged from 0.85 to 0.97 for the five hop tests, indicating that all the tests had high test-retest reliability. Sixty-seven percent to 100% of the healthy subjects had normal symmetry (i.e. <10% side-to-side difference) in the five hop tests. Abnormal symmetry in the five hop tests ranged from 43 to 77% for patients with an ACL injury and from 51 to 86% for patients who had undergone ACL reconstruction respectively. The three tests with the highest ability to discriminate hop performance were chosen for the test battery; they were the vertical jump, the hop for distance and the side hop. The test battery revealed a high level of sensitivity and accuracy in patients with an ACL injury (87 and 84%) and in patients who had undergone ACL reconstruction (91 and 88%), when at least one of the three tests was classified as abnormal. To summarise, the test battery consisting of both maximum single hop performances: the vertical jump and the hop for distance and hop performance while developing fatigue: the side hop, produced high test-retest reliability, sensitivity and accuracy. Further, the test battery produced higher values compared with any of the three hop tests individually revealing that only one out of ten patients had restored hop performance 11 months after an ACL injury and 6 months after ACL reconstruction. It is concluded that this test battery showed a high ability to discriminate between the hop performance of the injured and the uninjured side both in patients with an ACL injury and in patients who have undergone ACL reconstruction.

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Normalized motor function but impaired sensory function after unilateral non-reconstructed ACL injury: patients compared with uninjured controls

Ageberg

Fridén

2008

Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthr

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Improvement in motor function after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is achieved by appropriate rehabilitation. However, it has been questioned whether training after injury can lead to sensory improvement. We hypothesized that motor function can be restored after unilateral non-reconstructed ACL injury, whereas the sensory function cannot, i.e., there would be no difference in functional performance or knee muscle strength between subjects with ACL injury and uninjured controls, but the subjects with ACL injury would have poorer kinesthesia than the uninjured controls. This is a Cross-Sectional Study, wherein 56 (20 women and 36 men) individuals with unilateral non-reconstructed ACL injury were assessed at a mean of 15 years (SD 1.4 years) after the initial injury. All patients initially underwent rehabilitation and were advised to modify their activity level, in order to cope with the ACL insufficiency. At 15 years, they had good subjective function and acceptable activity level. Twenty-eight (14 women and 14 men) uninjured subjects served as controls. Patients and controls were assessed with the one-leg hop test for distance, isometric and isokinetic knee muscle strength, and kinesthesia (the threshold to detection of passive motion). The individuals with ACL injury had the same or better functional performance, measured by the one-leg hop test for distance, and knee muscle strength compared with the uninjured controls. Kinesthesia was poorer in the patient group than in the control group. The results indicate that motor function can be restored but that the sensory function is persistently disturbed after ACL injury.

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The test-retest reliability of a one legged hop for distance in young adults with and without ACL reconstruction

Cited by 43 publications

References 0 publications

Simple Measurements in Assessing Muscle Performance After an ACL Reconstruction

Simple Measurements in Assessing Muscle Performance After an ACL Reconstruction

A test battery for evaluating hop performance in patients with an ACL injury and patients who have undergone ACL reconstruction

Normalized motor function but impaired sensory function after unilateral non-reconstructed ACL injury: patients compared with uninjured controls

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