The Tethyan oyster Pycnodonte (Costeina) costei (Coquand, 1869) in the Coniacian (Upper Cretaceous) of the Iberian Basin (Spain): Taxonomic, palaeoecological and palaeobiogeographical implications
“…Paradrilus has been recorded only in the former Hesperian massif of the present‐day Iberian peninsula (Table S2). Thilmanus occur in the landmasses derived from the Ebro massif including the Corsica–Sardinia block (Callapez et al ., ). When deep calibration is considered (104.5 Ma; 95% CI 66.5–143.5), the split between Paradrilus and Thilmanus (+ Phaeopterus ) clades is congruent with the fragmentation of Iberia into the Hesperian and Ebro massifs in the Coniacian period of the Late Cretaceous (89.9–86.3 Ma; Dercourt et al ., ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…The configuration of landmasses was later substantially affected by the collision between the African and Eurasian tectonic plates (Jolivet & Facenna, ). The currently contiguous Iberian Peninsula and southern France were split into the Ebro and Hesperian blocks during the Cretaceous (Callapez et al ., ). Furthermore, the Sardinia–Corsica block separated from Iberia due to the opening of the Liguro‐Provençal basin ∼30 Ma (Mya; Jolivet & Facenna, ; Rosenbaum et al ., ; Speranza et al ., ; van Hinsbergen et al ., ).…”
The genus-level molecular phylogeny of Omalisidae Lacordaire is presented for six of seven currently recognised genera. The monophyly and internal relationships are well-supported including the taxa which were placed in other elateroid families. We conducted molecular analyses using maximum-likelihood optimality criterion and Bayesian inference and 18S, 28S rRNA, rrnL and cox1 mtDNA markers (4038 homologous positions). Euanoma Reitter is a sister lineage to other Omalisidae. Thilmanus Gemminger is related to Paradrilus Kiesenwetter and Phaeopterus Costa. Thilmaninae Kazantsev (erected in Lycidae), Euanomini Kazantsev (erected in Drilidae), and Paradrilinae Kundrata et al. are removed from within omalisid classification due to widely overlapping concepts of generic and subfamilial taxa. Pseudeuanoma Pic, syn.n. was recovered as a paraphylum and is a younger synonym of Euanoma. Euanoma caligo (Kazantsev), comb.n., E. ionica (Pic), comb.n., E. obscura (Pic), comb.n. and E. reitteri (Pic), comb.n. are newly combined with Euanoma. The earlier classification of incompletely metamorphosed taxa was affected by the parallel evolution of morphological traits. We report on the discovery of the incompletely metamorphosed female of Thilmanus obscurus Baudi and compare it with the female of O. fontisbellaquei Geoffroy. The female is weakly sclerotised, has physogastric abdomen, vestigial elytra, no wings and simplified thoracic morphology. Furthermore, we describe allopatric ranges of ancient omalisid lineages and vicariance events resulting from geological transformations in the Mediterranean. Euanoma was split from other Omalisidae in the late Jurassic and remains restricted to the Eastern Mediterranean. Omalisus Geoffroy split from the Iberian genera in the Cretaceous and most species occur on southern slopes of the Alps and in the western Balkan. The separation of Paradrilus and Thilmanus + Phaeopterus corresponds with the isolation of the Ebro and Hesperian massifs in the Cretaceous; the fauna of Sardinia and Corsica is of Iberian origin and Phaeopterus dispersed from these islands to the Elba and Apennine Peninsula. The diversity of Omalisidae has an ancient origin, but survived till present only in the Mediterranean, mostly in Pleistocene refugia close to the sea. 250
“…Paradrilus has been recorded only in the former Hesperian massif of the present‐day Iberian peninsula (Table S2). Thilmanus occur in the landmasses derived from the Ebro massif including the Corsica–Sardinia block (Callapez et al ., ). When deep calibration is considered (104.5 Ma; 95% CI 66.5–143.5), the split between Paradrilus and Thilmanus (+ Phaeopterus ) clades is congruent with the fragmentation of Iberia into the Hesperian and Ebro massifs in the Coniacian period of the Late Cretaceous (89.9–86.3 Ma; Dercourt et al ., ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…The configuration of landmasses was later substantially affected by the collision between the African and Eurasian tectonic plates (Jolivet & Facenna, ). The currently contiguous Iberian Peninsula and southern France were split into the Ebro and Hesperian blocks during the Cretaceous (Callapez et al ., ). Furthermore, the Sardinia–Corsica block separated from Iberia due to the opening of the Liguro‐Provençal basin ∼30 Ma (Mya; Jolivet & Facenna, ; Rosenbaum et al ., ; Speranza et al ., ; van Hinsbergen et al ., ).…”
The genus-level molecular phylogeny of Omalisidae Lacordaire is presented for six of seven currently recognised genera. The monophyly and internal relationships are well-supported including the taxa which were placed in other elateroid families. We conducted molecular analyses using maximum-likelihood optimality criterion and Bayesian inference and 18S, 28S rRNA, rrnL and cox1 mtDNA markers (4038 homologous positions). Euanoma Reitter is a sister lineage to other Omalisidae. Thilmanus Gemminger is related to Paradrilus Kiesenwetter and Phaeopterus Costa. Thilmaninae Kazantsev (erected in Lycidae), Euanomini Kazantsev (erected in Drilidae), and Paradrilinae Kundrata et al. are removed from within omalisid classification due to widely overlapping concepts of generic and subfamilial taxa. Pseudeuanoma Pic, syn.n. was recovered as a paraphylum and is a younger synonym of Euanoma. Euanoma caligo (Kazantsev), comb.n., E. ionica (Pic), comb.n., E. obscura (Pic), comb.n. and E. reitteri (Pic), comb.n. are newly combined with Euanoma. The earlier classification of incompletely metamorphosed taxa was affected by the parallel evolution of morphological traits. We report on the discovery of the incompletely metamorphosed female of Thilmanus obscurus Baudi and compare it with the female of O. fontisbellaquei Geoffroy. The female is weakly sclerotised, has physogastric abdomen, vestigial elytra, no wings and simplified thoracic morphology. Furthermore, we describe allopatric ranges of ancient omalisid lineages and vicariance events resulting from geological transformations in the Mediterranean. Euanoma was split from other Omalisidae in the late Jurassic and remains restricted to the Eastern Mediterranean. Omalisus Geoffroy split from the Iberian genera in the Cretaceous and most species occur on southern slopes of the Alps and in the western Balkan. The separation of Paradrilus and Thilmanus + Phaeopterus corresponds with the isolation of the Ebro and Hesperian massifs in the Cretaceous; the fauna of Sardinia and Corsica is of Iberian origin and Phaeopterus dispersed from these islands to the Elba and Apennine Peninsula. The diversity of Omalisidae has an ancient origin, but survived till present only in the Mediterranean, mostly in Pleistocene refugia close to the sea. 250
“…Figure 6.( 1 ) Geographic and ( 2 ) paleobiogeographic distributions of Trochactaeon ( Trochactaeon ) giganteus subglobosus (Münster, 1844). Main ocean currents are based on Poulsen et al (2001) and Callapez et al (2015); paleogeographic map after Blakey (2012). …”
Acteonellids were one of the most significant groups of marine macro-invertebrates in the Late Cretaceous biota of the Tethyan Realm. They were common faunal elements associated with Cretaceous carbonate platform communities most notable for their abundance of rudist frameworks and thrived in coeval lagoons. The Upper Cretaceous fossil-bearing Karababa Formation, cropping out in southeastern Turkey, yields a remarkable assemblage of acteonellid gastropods and rudists. Cretaceous gastropods from sedimentary successions in Turkey barely have been studied over the past 80 years. The subgenus Trochactaeon, a very successful and widespread taxon of heterobranch gastropods within the family Acteonellidae, dominated acteonellid assemblages throughout the Late Cretaceous. In the present work, we present the first record of Trochactaeon (Trochactaeon) giganteus subglobosus from Turkey. It is from a single lower Campanian bed in the upper part of the Karababa Formation of the Gölbaşı region (south of Adıyaman), corresponding to the northwestern part of the Arabian Platform. This record complements information on the temporal and spatial distribution of Trochactaeon at the southern margin of the Tethyan Ocean during the last part of the Cretaceous Period. This discovery increases the documented diversity of the paleofauna from the Upper Cretaceous succession in southeastern Turkey and provides new insights into the paleoenvironment of the carbonate ramp of the northern Arabian plate, and the paleobiogeography of Campanian gastropods in general.
“…Multiple taphonomic scenarios could account for the gradational base of the oyster layer. Because the genus Pycnodonte is an epifaunal recliner adapted to living on soft substrates (Dhondt, 1984;Macellari, 1988;Callapez et al, 2015), the oyster layer appears to represent an autochthonous assemblage. Therefore, the gradational base of this layer could reflect: 1) a rapid mass death event followed by minor disturbance of fossil distributions via intense bioturbation of these sediments by thalassinoid crustaceans (Wiest et al, 2016); 2) a temporallybuilding mortality event over the order of 36 kya (cf.…”
Section: Recognition and Definition Of Fossil Layersmentioning
Maastrichtian–Danian sediments of the Navesink and Hornerstown formations at the Jean and Ric Edelman Fossil Park of Rowan University in Mantua Township, New Jersey, have long intrigued paleontologists. Within the basal Hornerstown Formation occurs the Main Fossiliferous Layer (MFL), a regionally well-known and diverse bonebed. The lithostratigraphic and chronostratigraphic position of this fossil layer have been debated for more than 50 years, fueling debate over its origin. Herein, we present the results of a microstratigraphic analysis of the fossil composition and distribution of the MFL undertaken to rectify these discrepancies. Through methodical top-down excavation, we recorded the three-dimensional position of every fossil encountered. Three-dimensional visualization and analyses of these data in ArcGIS Pro yielded an unprecedented view of this bonebed. Most reported discrepancies about the stratigraphic placement and thickness of the MFL can be explained by the presence of two distinct fossil assemblages within this interval that are occasionally combined into a single bonebed. The stratigraphically-lower assemblage, herein termed an “oyster layer”, is geometrically-tabular and exhibits low taxonomic diversity, high abundance of the oyster Pycnodonte, and moderate taxonomic richness. The stratigraphically-higher assemblage, the MFL, occurs approximately 9 cm higher in section and exhibits high values of taxonomic diversity, fossil abundance, and taxonomic richness. Sedimentological homogeneity throughout this interval suggests that these faunal contrasts arise from the two assemblages having formed via independent taphonomic pathways. Specifically, prevalence of Pycnodonte in the oyster layer implies formation by a selective mortality event, whereas the diversity of the MFL appears to reflect a more universal agent of mortality. Spatial variations in the stratigraphic distribution of fossils within the MFL in our excavation area indicate this assemblage does not form a simple, tabular layer as previously thought and may, in part, record original bathymetry. Importantly, our definition of the MFL and detailed characterization of its stratigraphic placement are essential for future studies on the taphonomic origin and chronostratigraphy of this bonebed. Universal use of this definition would allow researchers to confidently elucidate the exact lithostratigraphic positions of precise chronostratigraphic indicators within the MFL and accurately estimate the degree of time averaging of its fossils.
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